中国农学通报2025，Vol.41Issue(19)：73-80,8.
施肥对赤水河上游地区玉米、油菜产量和品质及化肥污染排放量的影响研究
Effects of Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Maize and Rapeseed in Upper Reaches of Chishui River Region and Discharge Amount of Fertilizer Pollution
摘要
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the effects of fertilization on yield,quality,fertilizer use efficiency in maize(variety'Fuhua 22')and rapeseed(variety'Yunyouza 15')and discharge amount of fertilizer pollution,providing scientific guidance for optimizing fertilizer management of major crops in the upper reaches of the Chishui River.A field experiment with five treatments was implemented,including control(CK),phosphorus-potassium(PK),nitrogen-potassium(NK),nitrogen-phosphorus(NP),and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK),to assess their effects on crop yield,quality at maturity,fertilizer use efficiency,and discharge amount of fertilizer pollution.The results showed that the NPK treatment significantly increased rapeseed yield by 81.73%compared to CK,whereas the yield increases under nutrient-deficient treatments(PK,NK,NP)ranged only from 35.42%to 52.86%.In terms of quality,fertilization significantly increased the contents of fat,protein,oleic acid and erucic acid,but had no significant effects on palmitic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid or linolenic acid contents.Similarly,maize yield under NPK treatment increased by 90.00%compared to CK,whereas the yield increases under nutrient-deficient treatments(PK,NK,NP)ranged only from 42.74%to 79.24%.In terms of quality,the NPK treatment exhibited the highest maize starch and protein contents,which increased by 4.94%and 60.47%,whereas nutrient-deficient treatments demonstrated comparatively smaller increments.In addition,the study also found that the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium utilization efficiencies of maize and rapeseed reached their highest levels under NPK fertilization conditions.Under NPK fertilization conditions,nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from maize and rapeseed fields were minimized,being significantly lower than those under nutrient-deficient treatments.In conclusion,balanced fertilization not only significantly enhanced crop yield and quality along with the fertilizer use efficiency,but also effectively mitigated agricultural non-point source pollution.关键词
氮磷钾/玉米/油菜/产量/品质/化肥污染排放量Key words
nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium/maize/rapeseed/yield/quality/discharge amount of fertilizer pollution分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
刘浩楠,杨娟,焦蒙..施肥对赤水河上游地区玉米、油菜产量和品质及化肥污染排放量的影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2025,41(19):73-80,8.基金项目
云南省科技厅重点研发计划项目"赤水河流域绿色治理和发展技术研究及应用示范-赤水河流域山地面源污染防治技术研究"(202203AC100001-03) （202203AC100001-03）
国家自然科学基金资助项目"铁基非晶合金与氯消毒联用对畜禽养殖污水中抗生素抗性基因的降解及机理研究"(22166033) （22166033）
云南省兴滇英才支持计划项目"高原湖滨湿地抗生素抗性基因环境行为及其对微生物生态多样性的影响"(2023年) （2023年）
云南省农业联合面上项目"高原紫外线对PBAT可降解地膜老化及PAEs的释放、富集规律研究"(202101BD070001-112). （202101BD070001-112）
