中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(14)：2805-2820,16.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.14.008
长期不同施肥对潮土磷吸附解吸特性的影响
Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Phosphorus Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Fluvo-Aquic Soils
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Through long-term experiments,this study analyzed the effects of fertilization on the phosphorus adsorption-desorption characteristics in fluvo-aquic soils,aiming to reveal how different fertilization practices influence phosphorus availability and provide a theoretical basis for the efficient use of phosphorus.[Method]Based on the"National Long-term Monitoring Station of Fluvo-aquic Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects",the isothermal adsorption-desorption experiments were conducted on soils under seven typical fertilization treatments over a continuous 31-year period.These treatments included:only nitrogen fertilizer(N2),only nitrogen and potassium fertilizers(N2K),low nitrogen fertilizer+phosphorus and potassium fertilizers(N1PK),medium nitrogen fertilizer+phosphorus and potassium fertilizers(N2PK),high nitrogen fertilizer+phosphorus and potassium fertilizers(N4PK),nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers+organic fertilizer(N2PK+M),and nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers+maize straw return(N2PK+S).The Langmuir equation was used to analyze the impacts of fertilization on phosphorus adsorption-desorption characteristics,and the Hierarchical Partitioning(HP)Model in redundancy analysis(RDA)was employed to quantify the influence of soil physicochemical properties on key parameters.[Result]As the external phosphorus amount increased,the amount of phosphorus adsorbed by the soil increased,but the adsorption rate decreased.Soils with only chemical fertilizers had higher phosphorus adsorption rates(Ar)compared with those with combined organic and inorganic fertilizers.Soils without phosphorus fertilization had the highest adsorption affinity constant(Ka),followed by soils with long-term chemical fertilization,and the lowest in soils with organic-inorganic combined fertilization.The maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity(Qm)and maximum buffering capacity(MBC)were the highest under N2PK treatment.In comparison,Qm decreased by 13.7%,16.0%,22.8%,and 21.5%under N2PK+M,N2PK+S,N2,and N2K treatments,respectively,with the lowest value observed in the no-phosphorus treatment;MBC decreased by 26.8%,28.4%,15.6%,and 11.7%in the same treatments,respectively,with the lowest value found in the organic-inorganic combined fertilization treatment.The degree of phosphorus saturation(DPS)under N2PK+M treatment reached 21.3%,significantly higher than other treatments,followed by the N4PK and N2PK+S treatments.During the phosphorus desorption process,the amount of desorbed phosphorus increased with the increase in solution phosphorus concentration,while the desorption rate decreased.The phosphorus desorption capacity under N2PK+M treatment was significantly higher than that under other treatments,with the highest maximum phosphorus desorption amount(Dm),desorption rate(Dr),and readily desorption phosphorus(RDP).The N2K treatment had the lowest Dm value,while the N1PK treatment had the lowest Dr and RDP values.The results of physicochemical factor ranking based on the HP model show that TP,Olsen-P,ExCa,CaCO3,and SOM were the top five factors influencing phosphorus adsorption parameters,with contribution rates of 18.0%,16.0%,12.6%,11.4%,and 8.8%,respectively.Olsen-P,TN,ExCa,SOM,and AN are the top five factors influencing phosphorus desorption parameters,with contribution rates of 17.9%,12.9%,12.6%,9.8%,and 9.0%,respectively.[Conclusion]Long-term application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers increased soil phosphorus adsorption intensity and reduced phosphorus desorption capacity of fluvo-aquic soils,and soils with a lower nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio showed even lower phosphorus desorption capacity.The addition of organic fertilizers could reduce phosphorus adsorption capacity and enhance desorption ability,although excessive application organic fertilizers might lead to phosphorus loss.The combination of chemical fertilizers and straw return could reduce soil phosphorus adsorption capacity,which was an effective measure to enhance phosphorus activity in fluvo-aquic soil.Olsen-P and ExCa were the primary factors determining the phosphorus adsorption-desorption characteristics of fluvo-aquic soil.Additionally,an increase in total phosphorus helped reduce phosphorus adsorption capacity,while an increase in total nitrogen contributed to enhancing phosphorus desorption capacity.关键词
长期施肥/潮土/磷吸附解吸/层次分割模型Key words
long-term fertilization/fluvo-aquic soils/phosphorus adsorption and desorption/Hierarchical Partitioning Model引用本文复制引用
郭斗斗,张珂珂,黄绍敏,宋晓,张水清,岳克,丁世杰,郭腾飞..长期不同施肥对潮土磷吸附解吸特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(14):2805-2820,16.基金项目
科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100503)、2024年河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2024ZC055)、2023年度河南省科技攻关项目(232102111021) （2021FY100503）
