中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(14)：2821-2837,17.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.14.009
秸秆还田配施化肥对土壤生态系统多功能性的影响
Effects of Straw Returning Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Ecosystem Multifunctionality
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aimed to explore the impact of combined application of straw returning and chemical fertilizers on the multifunctionality of farmland ecosystem,so as to provide the theoretical support for the scientific combined application of straw and chemical fertilizers and the improvement of crop productivity.[Method]An eight-year winter wheat-summer maize rotation experiment(2012-2020)was conducted with four treatments:no fertilization control treatment(NF),single application of chemical fertilizers(F),single application of straw(S),and combined application of straw returning and chemical fertilizers(FS).17 general indexes of farmland ecosystem service function were determined to calculate soil ecosystem multifunction index(MFI).In addition,the compositions of bacterial and fungal communities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were determined.The coupling effects of chemical fertilizers and straw returning on the multifunctionality of soil ecosystem and the main driving factors in soil properties were explored.[Result]Compared with NF,F and FS treatments significantly increased crop yields and MFI,but S treatment only increased soil MFI without significant effect on yield.A random forest model showed that n-acetyl-β-glucosaminase(NAG)and total nitrogen(TN)were the most important factors affecting MFI.Long-term fertilization also significantly changed the community structure of bacteria and fungi in both the rhizosphere and bulk soil compartments.Compared with the NF treatment,F and FS treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of bulk microorganisms,such as Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Basidiomycota,as well as the relative abundance of rhizosphere fungi,such as Basidiomycota.The redundancy analysis showed that SOM and its component,dissolved organic carbon,were the key factors affecting the composition of bulk soil bacterial and fungal communities.Network analysis and correlation analysis further showed that MFI was significantly correlated with the relative abundances of network modules for both bulk and rhizosphere microorganisms.Moreover,the F and FS treatments with the high production level enriched bulk soil microorganisms,such as Hannaella and Chaetomium,which had strong metabolism of amino acid and nucleotide,contributing to the soil ecosystem multifunctionality.Nevertheless,for the low-yielding group(NF and S treatments),the species that were not favorable to soil nutrient retention were enriched in both the bulk and rhizosphere soil,such as Solibacterales,Phycicoccus,and Pleosporales.[Conclusion]The combined treatment of straw incorporation and chemical fertilizer could significantly improve both crop yield and ecosystem multifunction indexes.Long-term straw returning combined with chemical fertilizer could enhance ecosystem multifunctionality by increasing soil enzyme activity and total nitrogen content.This practice also fostered the proliferation of specific species(Hannaella,Chaetomium,etc.),which played key roles in nutrient cycling,enzyme activity,and promoted amino acid and nucleotide metabolism in the bulk soil,thus contributing to the maintenance of ecosystem multifunctionality.关键词
生态系统多功能性指数/秸秆还田/化肥/根际微生物/土壤酶活性/功能预测Key words
ecosystem multifunctionality index/straw return/chemical fertilizers/rhizosphere microbiota/soil enzyme activity/function prediction引用本文复制引用
宣泽鹏,冯慧瑶,陈美淇,徐基胜,刘梦璇,赵炳梓,张佳宝..秸秆还田配施化肥对土壤生态系统多功能性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(14):2821-2837,17.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500502,2022YFD1500401)、国家自然科学基金(42277347)、甘肃省白银市景泰县盐碱地综合利用试点项目(第二标段)核心试验示范工程(JTYJDSDXM-SG-02)、国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-03) （2022YFD1500502,2022YFD1500401）
