中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(15)：2980-2992,13.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.15.004
陆地棉与海岛棉铃形态特征与纤维及籽仁品质的关系
Relationship Between Boll Morphological Characteristics and Fiber and Kernel Quality of Gossypium hirsutum L.and Gossypium barbadense L
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The analysis of the differences and relationships of boll morphological characteristics,boll weight,fiber and kernel quality between G.hirsutum and G.barbadense were carried out in this study,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of new cotton varieties and the cultivation of high yield and quality.[Method]The experiment was carried out in Xinjiang Wulan Wusu Agricultural Meteorological Station from 2022 to 2023.299 accessions of G.hirsutum and 274 accessions of G.barbadense were selected,and the effects of boll morphological characteristics on fiber and kernel quality of G.hirsutum and G.barbadense were determined by correlation,principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis.[Result]The boll length of G.barbadense varied from 3.79 to 6.20 cm,which was significantly higher than that of G.hirsutum,while the boll diameter,surface area and volume of G.hirsutum were higher than those of G.barbadense,and the boll diameter ranged from 2.81 to 4.27 cm,the surface area and volume were 21.86 to 37.42 cm2 and 14.76 to 33.58 cm3,respectively;the strength of G.hirsutum increased with the increase of boll diameter,and the fiber quality of G.barbadense increased with the increase of boll volume.The bur weight of G.barbadense was 0.97 g,which was significantly lower than that of G.hirsutum by 37.01%.The bur mass per area of G.hirsutum was significantly higher than that of G.barbadense,and its variation range was 2.24 to 9.88 g·dm-2.The upper half mean length and strength of G.hirsutum were significantly positively correlated with bur weight and bur mass per area;the upper half mean length of G.barbadense was significantly negatively correlated with bur weight and bur mass per area,and the strength was significantly positively correlated with bur weight.The increase of bur weight and bur mass per area were significantly positively correlated with the increase in boll weight.The fiber weight and seed weight of G.hirsutum ranged from 0.85 to 3.69 g and 1.85 to 6.16 g,which were 48.34%and 37.97%higher than those of G.barbadense,respectively.The upper half mean length and strength of G.hirsutum were significantly positively correlated with seed weight,while G.barbadense was significantly negatively correlated with fiber weight.The oil content of G.barbadense kernel was 35.04%,significantly higher than that of G.hirsutum by 1.75%,and the protein content of G.hirsutum kernel was 40.75%,significantly higher than that of G.barbadense by 2.86%.There was a significant negative correlation between fiber quality and kernel protein content.With the increase of protein content,the upper half mean length and strength decreased significantly.[Conclusion]Therefore,the difference in the distribution of photosynthetic products in fiber and kernel was the main reason for the difference in fiber quality between G.hirsutum and G.barbadense.Expanding the storage capacity of cotton boll could synergistically increase the boll weight and strength of G.hirsutum and G.barbadense.关键词
棉花/棉铃/形态特征/纤维品质/籽仁品质Key words
cotton/boll morphological/characteristics/fiber quality/kernel quality引用本文复制引用
唐朝元,杜明伟,杨明凤,田景山,刘韬奋,吴艳琴,张启鹏,李自良,陈云瑞,雷长英,张亚黎,张旺锋..陆地棉与海岛棉铃形态特征与纤维及籽仁品质的关系[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(15):2980-2992,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301205)、新疆兵团科技计划(2023AB080)、八师石河子市重点领域创新团队计划(2024TD02) （2023YFD2301205）
