中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(15)：3007-3019,中插1,14.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.15.006
氮添加对不同种植模式下人工草地产量稳定性的影响
The Impact of Nitrogen Addition on the Species Stability of Artificial Grasslands Under Different Planting Patterns
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China is an important production base for agricultural and livestock products and a crucial ecological security barrier.This study analyzed the effects of different planting patterns on pasture yield,interspecific compatibility,and yield stability,aiming to provide the important scientific evidence for revealing the sustainable utilization of artificially established grasslands under different planting patterns with nitrogen addition.[Method]Based on the long-term cultivated grassland core experimental platform at the Hulunbuir National Field Station,three planting patterns were established:single sowing of Medicago varia(M),single sowing of Bromus inermis(B),and a 1:1 mixed sowing of Medicago varia and Bromus inermis(M:B).Additionally,three nitrogen application levels were set:no nitrogen(CK),75 kg N·hm-2(N75),and 150 kg N·hm-2(N150).Indicators,such as yield,relative yield(RY),relative yield total(RYT),competition ratio(CR),stability,and asynchrony,were utilized to investigate the response of forage yield to nitrogen addition under different planting patterns in artificial grasslands.[Result](1)Through eight years of long-term site-specific observations,the results showed that both N75 and N150 treatments significantly increased the forage yield of mixed-sown grasslands in the early stages.Specifically,the N150 treatment promoted the forage yield of monoculture grasslands.Moreover,under different nitrogen application levels,the forage yield and stability of mixed-sown grasslands were consistently higher than those of monoculture grasslands.(2)In the mixed-sown grassland of variegated alfalfa and smooth brome,the competition ratio of variegated alfalfa was greater than 1 in the first to fifth year after establishment,and less than 1 in the sixth to eighth year.This indicated that variegated alfalfa was highly competitive in the early stages,while smooth brome maintained system balance through continuous nutrient utilization in the later stages.This temporal complementarity enhanced the forage yield stability of the mixed-sown grassland by 1.41-1.53 times and the asynchrony by 1.27-1.57 times,thereby buffering yield fluctuations.Furthermore,there was a positive correlation between stability and asynchrony.[Conclusion]Species yield asynchrony and stability were key factors determining the stability of mixed-sowing yields.For establishing monoculture artificial grasslands of variegated alfalfa or smooth brome in the Hulunbuir region,it was recommended to apply 150 kg N·hm-2 of nitrogen.For establishing mixed-sown grasslands of variegated alfalfa and smooth brome,it was advisable to increase the nitrogen application rate to 75 kg N·hm-2 during the initial establishment phase.Through complementary symbiosis,legume-grass mixed-sown pastures could effectively utilize soil nutrients,increase forage yield,and simultaneously reduce the amount of exogenous nitrogen applied,thereby achieving the goal of promoting and maintaining high pasture productivity.关键词
氮添加/人工草地/种植模式/产量/种间相容性/异步性Key words
nitrogen addition/pastureland/cropping pattern/yield/interspecific compatibility/asynchronism引用本文复制引用
袁波,徐丽君,磋么机,聂莹莹,张洪志,柳新伟,杨敏,郭明英..氮添加对不同种植模式下人工草地产量稳定性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(15):3007-3019,中插1,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(22378422)、中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(G2023-01-32)、国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34-29)、内蒙古自治区科技计划(2023YFDZ0019) （22378422）
