中国全科医学2025，Vol.28Issue(25)：3137-3143,3179,8.DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0249
农村高血压患病和自我管理现状及影响因素研究
Analysis of the Prevalence and Self-management of Hypertension and Its Influencing Factors in Rural
摘要
Abstract
Background The control of hypertension is still unsatisfactory,as the number of patients continues to increase in China,and self-management plays a positive role in the prevention of relevant complications and reducing the economic burden of the disease.The influencing factors of prevalence and self-management are varied,but few studies have identified path coefficients and indirect effects between factors.Objective The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of hypertension and self-management and their influencing factors in rural Dayao County,Yunnan Province.Methods A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 499 rural residents aged≥35 years from Dayao County.Each participant received a questionnaire survey and underwent physical examination.Principal component analysis was used to construct the index of socioeconomic position(SEP),whereas structural equation modelling(SEM)was used to analysis the possible influencing factors of the prevalence of hypertension and self-management.Results Among the surveyed population,the prevalence of hypertension was 53.7%,and the rate of compliance to anti-hypertensive drugs,self-monitoring of blood pressure and taking measures to control hypertension was 84.5%,82.0%and 88.3%,and was 52.4%,82.2%,80.8%and 87.8%for males and 55.0%,86.8%,83.2%and 88.8%for females,respectively.The prevalence of hypertension increased with age(χ2trend=224.142,P<0.001),whereas the rate of self-monitoring of blood pressure decreased(χ2trend=4.012,P<0.05).A greater prevalence of hypertension was observed in those with lower education levels and SEP(χ2=28.036,χ2trend=12.147,P<0.001).Individuals with good access to medical services had a higher rate of self-monitoring of blood pressure than their counterparts did(χ2=10.137,P<0.05).The result of SEM indicated that the following factors had a direct statistically significant effect on the prevalence of hypertension:SEP(-0.43),body shape(including overweight or obesity and central obesity status)(0.16),physical inactivity(0.06),and family history of hypertension(0.15).However indirect effects on the prevalence of hypertension were observed for sex(0.23,through SEP)and age(0.35,through SEP and physical inactivity).Similarly,the results also indicated that SEP(0.20),alcohol consumption(-0.17),and conditions of hypertensive patients(including the course of disease and complications)(0.53)had a statistically significant direct effect on the prevalence of self-management,while gender(0.06)had an indirect effect on prevalence of self-management through alcohol consumption.Conclusion There is a relatively high prevalence of hypertension and an overall high level of self-management in rural Dayao County.Future health education and management regarding hypertension should be strengthened for the elderly and individuals with low SEP and unhealthy lifestyles.关键词
高血压/患病率/自我管理/影响因素分析/结构方程模型Key words
Hypertension/Prevalence/Self-management/Root cause analysis/Structural equation modeling分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
余孜孜,刘杜丽,李熙敏,阮春怡,尹向阳,蔡乐..农村高血压患病和自我管理现状及影响因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2025,28(25):3137-3143,3179,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(72064026) （72064026）
云南省科技厅-昆明医科大学联合专项重点项目(202401AY070001-027) （202401AY070001-027）
云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2023CX11) （2023CX11）
