中国全科医学2025，Vol.28Issue(27)：3368-3374,7.DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0433
贵州省6～36月龄儿童铁缺乏现状及缺铁性贫血影响因素研究
Analysis of the Current Status of Iron Deficiency and Factors Affecting Iron Deficiency Anemia among Children Aged 6-36 Months in Guizhou Province
摘要
Abstract
Background At present,although the prevalence of iron deficiency(ID)and iron deficiency anemia(IDA)in children has been further controlled nationwide,there is still a large gap between western regions and urban and rural areas,and Guizhou Province,as a multi-ethnic and relatively backward southwestern province,has a different dietary structure,so exploring the current situation of iron deficiency and the factors affecting IDA in children is of great significance to the formation of correct dietary habits and lifestyles of the residents and the prevention and control of this disease.Objective To investigate the current status of iron deficiency in children aged 6-36 months in Guizhou Province,and to analyze the influencing factors of IDA in children aged 6-36 months,in order to provide a reference basis for the prevention of ID and IDA.Methods In this study,902 children aged 6-36 months were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling in Guizhou Province from June to October 2022,and their demographic characteristics,laboratory examination indicators,and dietary frequency were collected.Dietary patterns were analyzed using principal component analysis,and multifactorial Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of IDA in children.Results Among 902 children in Guizhou Province,there were 134 cases of ID and 43 cases of IDA,with prevalence rates of 14.86%and 4.77%,respectively.Comparison of the prevalence of ID and IDA among children in various regions of Guizhou Province showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Comparison of the prevalence of IDA among children in different urban and rural areas,annual family income,mother's literacy,father's literacy,mode of delivery,birth time,birth mass,number of children,anemia during pregnancy,and children suffering from diarrhea or fever in the last two weeks showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The results of principal component analysis showed that the 2 dietary patterns(traditional and animal protein)were more meaningful,and the variance contribution rate of the 2 dietary patterns was 61.427%.The results of multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that rural(OR=5.235,95%CI=2.045-13.402),cesarean section(OR=3.815,95%CI=1.895-7.680),preterm(OR=4.471,95%CI=1.709-11.696),and the number of children of 3 or more(OR=5.493,95%CI=2.236-13.494)were risk factors for IDA in children(P<0.05),and animal protein-based dietary pattern(OR=0.624,95%CI=0.426-0.916)was a protective factor for IDA in children(P<0.05).Conclusion The urban-rural gap in the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia among children 6 to 36 months of age in Guizhou is still obvious;rural areas,preterm births,cesarean sections,and the number of children three or more are the risk factors for IDA in children,and animal-protein-based dietary patterns are the protective factors for IDA in children.It is recommended to focus on popularizing caregivers'correct understanding of childhood ID in rural areas,emphasizing the importance of foods such as animal foods,milk,fish and shrimp,and providing targeted guidance on rational feeding.关键词
铁缺乏症/贫血,缺铁性/儿童/膳食模式/危险因素Key words
Iron deficiencies/Anemia,iron-deficiency/Child/Dietary patterns/Risk factors分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
邵晓颖,邵洁,朱焱,邵金玲,尚灵,吴振莲,赵钰,张加才..贵州省6～36月龄儿童铁缺乏现状及缺铁性贫血影响因素研究[J].中国全科医学,2025,28(27):3368-3374,7.基金项目
国家中心自主设计项目-重点项目(全国多中心临床研究项目)(G20A0011) （全国多中心临床研究项目）
中华国际医学交流基金会项目(Z-2017-27-2102) （Z-2017-27-2102）
