中国人口·资源与环境2025，Vol.35Issue(5)：45-55,11.DOI:10.12062/cpre.20250139
节能减排财政政策碳中和效应的多维评估
Multidimensional assessment of the impact of fiscal policies for energy conservation and emission reduction on carbon neutrality:macro and micro evidence from cities and enterprises
摘要
Abstract
Exploring the impact fiscal policies for energy conservation and emission reduction on carbon neutrality is conducive to fur-ther leveraging the fundamental and pillar role of finance in national governance,and actively and prudently promoting the strategies for achieving the goals of reaching peak emissions and carbon neutrality.Taking the pilot project of"Comprehensive Demonstration Cities for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Fiscal Policies"as a quasi-natural experiment,this study used a multi-period differ-ence-in-differences model to evaluate the impact of these fiscal policies on carbon neutrality based on macro and micro data from 282 Chinese prefecture-level and above cities.It also tested the underlying mechanisms and extended the research to the impact of these policies on corporate carbon emission intensity,exploring the spatial spillover effects and policy exit effects of policy implementation.The results showed that the fiscal policies for energy conservation and emission reduction helped accelerate the process of carbon neu-trality.On the energy consumption side,these policies improved carbon emission efficiency.On the energy supply side,they promoted the development of clean energy.These conclusions still held after a series of robustness tests.Mechanism analysis indicated that the fiscal policies for energy conservation and emission reduction accelerated the carbon neutrality process mainly by optimizing the struc-ture of fiscal expenditure,accelerating industrial restructuring,promoting green technology innovation,and improving capacity utiliza-tion.Heterogeneity analysis showed that the impact of these policies on carbon neutrality varied significantly depending on resource en-dowment,city scale,and environmental regulations.Further analysis showed that,at the micro level,these policies helped reduce the carbon emission intensity of enterprises,with a more pronounced effect on large-scale enterprises,non-state-owned enterprises,and en-terprises in high-energy-consumption industries.The impact of these fiscal policies on carbon neutrality had a significant positive spa-tial spillover effect,and the demonstration cities continued to show significant energy-saving and emission reduction effects even after the policies were withdrawn.In the process of achieving the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality,it is neces-sary to strengthen top-level policy design and institutional arrangements to amplify the policy impact on carbon neutrality;effectively le-verage the role of fiscal and technological innovation mechanisms to continuously improve energy supply and demand efficiency;and fully consider regional heterogeneity and promote carbon neutrality according to local conditions.关键词
节能减排/财政政策/碳达峰碳中和/绿色低碳转型/城市Key words
energy conservation and emission reduction/fiscal policy/reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality/green and low-carbon transition/city分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
田时中,王鹏霖..节能减排财政政策碳中和效应的多维评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2025,35(5):45-55,11.基金项目
国家社会科学基金一般项目"'双碳'目标下长三角生态绿色一体化的创新驱动机理及推进策略研究"(批准号:22BJY106). （批准号:22BJY106）
