中国水稻科学2025，Vol.39Issue(4)：516-528,13.DOI:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.250105
北方粳稻密苗机插育秧对秧苗素质及取秧特性的影响
Effect of Dense Sowing Nursery on Seedling Quality and Picking Characteristics for Mechanized Transplanting in Northern japonica Rice
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To study the effects of dense sowing on rice seedling quality and seedling-picking characteristics under mechanized transplanting,and to explore its role in enhancing rice nursery efficiency and mechanized transplanting performance.[Method]In 2024,using Liaojing 419 as the test variety,a seedling nursery experiment was conducted.The control treatment(CK)used the conventional farmer sowing rate of 100 g per tray(58 cm×28 cm).Four dense-sowing treatments were established:125 g(ISR1),150 g(ISR2),175 g(ISR3),and 200 g(ISR4)per tray.The study investigated the effects of different sowing rates on rice seedling quality and seedling-picking characteristics during mechanized transplanting,aiming to elucidate the relationship between the physiological and biochemical changes in dense-sown seedlings and the operational quality of mechanized transplanting.[Result]The whole-tray biomass of rice seedlings increased significantly with increasing sowing rate,reaching its maximum at 175 g per tray(ISR3).The root intertwining force of seedlings also significantly increased under ISR3,averaging increases of 35.6%and 29.1%compared to CK,respectively.The individual seedling biomass decreased significantly due to high sowing rates,accompanied by reduced antioxidant enzyme activities,lower soluble sugar content,and altered expression of stress resistance-related genes.The uniformity of plant height and stem base width decreased by 1.3%-2.6%and 0.6%-3.7%in ISR1-ISR3 compared to CK,respectively,and decreased significantly by 7.2%and 9.3%in ISR4,respectively.The injured seedling rate during mechanized transplanting showed a linear positive relationship with sowing rate.The average injury rate was 4.1%for ISR1-ISR3 and 9.8%for ISR4.Treatments ISR2 and ISR3 maintained relatively higher seedling plumpness,seedling vigor index,and lower seedling injury rates.The actual number of seedling trays used per hectare for mechanized transplanting in ISR1-ISR4 decreased by 53.2-148.1 trays/hm² compared to CK.Consequently,the manual operational efficiency during mechanized transplanting significantly improved by 17.2%-40.2%.[Conclusion]Dense-sowing nursery increases whole-tray biomass and root intertwining force.A sowing rate of 150-175 g per tray maintained relatively high individual seedling quality,significantly reduced tray usage by 36.2%,and greatly improved the operational efficiency of mechanized transplanting.This approach can be adopted as a high-quality and efficient mechanized transplanting option for japonica rice in Northern China.关键词
水稻/密播乳苗/取秧特性/机插Key words
rice/dense sowing/picking characteristics/mechanized transplanting引用本文复制引用
董立强,张义凯,杨铁鑫,冯莹莹,马亮,梁潇,张玉屏,李跃东..北方粳稻密苗机插育秧对秧苗素质及取秧特性的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2025,39(4):516-528,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFD1500404,2024YFD12000201) （2022YFD1500404,2024YFD12000201）
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-21) （CARS-01-21）
辽宁中部平原水稻现代农业科技示范项目 （）
辽宁省农业科学院院长基金资助项目(2025MS1702,2023BS0806). （2025MS1702,2023BS0806）
