中国兽医杂志2025，Vol.61Issue(7)：35-42,8.DOI:10.20157/j.cnki.zgsyzz.2025.07.004
2022-2024年美国H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感最新流行形势
Current Epidemic Trends of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtype H5N1 in the United States from 2022 to 2024
摘要
Abstract
Since the first outbreak of the H5N1 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus(HPAIV)in 1997,it has evolved into a major global threat to public health and animal husbandry.Notably,the currently circulating clade 2.3.4.4b has significantly enhanced viral transmissibility and increased the potential for cross-species transmission.The United States,one of the countries most affected by H5N1 HPAIV,has seen not only frequent outbreaks in poultry but also reported infections in mammals such as dairy cattle,adding complexity to the epidemic landscape.Of particular concern is the emergence of human infections with H5N1 HPAIV in the United States,primarily among individuals in close contact with infected poultry and dairy cattle.This suggests that the virus may follow a transmission chain from birds to mammals to humans.Adaptive mutations at key amino acid residues on the virus's surface proteins further indicate a potential risk of human-to-human transmission,intensifying the challenges to public health security.This review summarizes the epidemic trends of H5N1 HPAIV—especially clade 2.3.4.4b—in the United States from 2022 to 2024,with a focus on its evolutionary trajectory,transmission pathways,and cross-species transmission characteristics.It also evaluates current United States prevention and control strategies,aiming to provide valuable insights for improving epidemic preparedness and response to H5N1 HPAIV in China.关键词
H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感/2.3.4.4b分支/病毒变异/跨物种传播/公共卫生Key words
highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1/clade 2.3.4.4b/viral mutation/cross-species transmission/public health分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
韦庆兰,段旭升,李亚玲..2022-2024年美国H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感最新流行形势[J].中国兽医杂志,2025,61(7):35-42,8.基金项目
浙江农林大学学校科研发展基金项目(2024LFR017) （2024LFR017）
