智慧农业（中英文）2025，Vol.7Issue(3)：1-16,16.DOI:10.12133/j.smartag.SA202501006
农产品智慧供应链:内涵、关键技术与未来方向
Smart Supply Chains for Agricultural Products:Key Technologies,Research Progress and Future Direction
摘要
Abstract
[Significance]The smart transformation of agricultural product supply chains is an essential solution to the challenges faced by traditional supply chains,such as information asymmetry,high logistics costs,and difficulties in quality traceability.This transfor-mation also serves as a vital pathway to modernize agriculture and enhance industrial competitiveness.By integrating technologies such as the Internet of Things(IoT),big data,and artificial intelligence(AI),smart supply chains facilitate precise production and pro-cessing,efficient logistics distribution,and transparent quality supervision.As a result,they improve circulation efficiency,ensure product safety,increase farmers'incomes,and promote sustainable agricultural development.Furthermore,in light of global shifts in agricultural trade,this transformation bolsters the international competitiveness of China's agricultural products and propels the agri-cultural industrial chain toward higher value-added segments.This paper systematically examines the conceptual framework,techno-logical applications,and future trends of smart supply chains,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for industry practices and in-sights for policymaking and technological innovation.[Progress]In the production phase,IoT and remote sensing technologies enable real-time monitoring of crop growth conditions,including soil moisture,temperature,and pest infestation,facilitating precision irriga-tion,fertilization,and pest management.Big data analysis,coupled with AI algorithms,helps in predicting crop yields,optimizing re-source allocation,and minimizing waste.Additionally,AI-driven smart pest control systems can dynamically adjust pesticide applica-tion,reducing chemical usage and environmental impact.The processing stage leverages advanced technologies for efficient sorting,grading,cleaning,and packaging.Computer vision and hyperspectral imaging technologies enhance the sorting efficiency and quality inspection of agricultural products,ensuring only high-quality products proceed to the next stage.Novel cleaning techniques,such as ultrasonic and nanobubble cleaning,effectively remove surface contaminants and reduce microbial loads without compromising prod-uct quality.Moreover,AI-integrated systems optimize processing lines,reduce downtime and enhance overall throughput.Warehous-ing employs IoT sensors to monitor environmental conditions like temperature,humidity,and gas concentrations,ensure optimal stor-age conditions for diverse agricultural products.AI algorithms predict inventory demand,optimize stock levels to minimize waste and maximize freshness.Robotics and automation in warehouses improve picking,packing,and palletizing efficiency,reduce labor costs and enhance accuracy.The transportation sector focuses on cold chain innovations to maintain product quality during transit.IoT-en-abled temperature-controlled containers and AI-driven scheduling systems ensure timely and efficient delivery.Additionally,the inte-gration of blockchain technology provides immutable records of product handling and conditions,enhances transparency and trust.The adoption of new energy vehicles,such as electric and hydrogen-powered trucks,further reduces carbon footprints and operating costs.In the distribution and sales stages,big data analytics optimize delivery routes,reducing transportation time and costs.AI-pow-ered demand forecasting enables precise inventory management,minimizes stockouts and excess inventories.Moreover,AI and ma-chine learning algorithms personalize marketing efforts,improve customer engagement and satisfaction.Blockchain technology en-sures product authenticity and traceability,enhances consumer trust.[Conclusions and Prospects]As technological advancements and societal demands continue to evolve,the smart transformation of agricultural product supply chains has become increasingly urgent.Future development should prioritize unmanned operations to alleviate labor shortages and enhance product quality and safety.Estab-lishing information-sharing platforms and implementing refined management practices are crucial for optimizing resource allocation,improving operational efficiency,and enhancing international competitiveness.Additionally,aligning with the"dual-carbon"strategy by promoting clean energy adoption,optimizing transportation methods,and advocating for sustainable packaging will drive the sup-ply chain toward greater sustainability.However,the application of emerging technologies in agricultural supply chains faces challeng-es such as data governance,technical adaptability,and standardization.Addressing these issues requires policy guidance,technologi-cal innovation,and cross-disciplinary collaboration.By overcoming these challenges,the comprehensive intelligent upgrade of agri-cultural product supply chains can be achieved,ultimately contribute to the modernization and sustainable development of the agricul-tural sector.关键词
农产品/智慧供应链/物联网/人工智能/区块链/双碳Key words
agricultural products/smart supply chain/IoT/AI/blockchain/dual-carbon分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
韩佳伟,杨信廷..农产品智慧供应链:内涵、关键技术与未来方向[J].智慧农业（中英文）,2025,7(3):1-16,16.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2001302,2022YFD2001804) （2023YFD2001302,2022YFD2001804）
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2024BEG02031) （2024BEG02031）
北京市农林科学院科研创新平台建设项目(PT2025-24) National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2001302,2022YFD2001804) （PT2025-24）
Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2024BEG02031) （2024BEG02031）
Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sci-ences Research Innovation Platform Construction Project(PT2025-24) （PT2025-24）
