智慧农业（中英文）2025，Vol.7Issue(3)：48-68,21.DOI:10.12133/j.smartag.SA202305005
母牛发情精准感知与智能鉴定技术研究进展、问题与挑战
Advances,Problems and Challenges of Precise Estrus Perception and Intelligent Identification Technology for Cows
摘要
Abstract
[Significance]Estrus monitoring and identification in cows is a crucial aspect of breeding management in beef and dairy cat-tle farming.Innovations in precise sensing and intelligent identification methods and technologies for estrus in cows are essential not only for scientific breeding,precise management,and smart breeding on a population level but also play a key supportive role in health management,productivity enhancement,and animal welfare improvement at the individual level.The aims are to provide a ref-erence for scientific management and the study of modern production technologies in the beef and dairy cattle industry,as well as the-oretical methodologies for the research and development of key technologies in precision livestock farming.[Progress]Based on de-scribing the typical characteristics of normal and abnormal estrus in cows,this paper systematically categorizes and summarizes the re-cent research progress,development trends,and methodological approaches in estrus monitoring and identification technologies,fo-cusing on the monitoring and diagnosis of key physiological signs and behavioral characteristics during the estrus period.Firstly,the paper outlines the digital monitoring technologies for three critical physiological parameters,body temperature,rumination,and activi-ty levels,and their applications in cow estrus monitoring and identification.It analyzes the intrinsic reasons for performance bottle-necks in estrus monitoring models based on body temperature,compares the reliability issues faced by activity-based estrus monitor-ing,and addresses the difficulties in balancing model generalization and robustness design.Secondly,the paper examines the estrus sensing and identification technologies based on three typical behaviors:feeding,vocalization,and sexual desire.It highlights the lat-est applications of new artificial intelligence technologies,such as computer vision and deep learning,in estrus monitoring and points out the critical role of these technologies in improving the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring.Finally,the paper focuses on multi-factor fusion technologies for estrus perception and identification,summarizing how different researchers combine various physiologi-cal and behavioral parameters using diverse monitoring devices and algorithms to enhance accuracy in estrus monitoring.It emphasiz-es that multi-factor fusion methods can improve detection rates and the precision of identification results,being more reliable and ap-plicable than single-factor methods.The importance and potential of multi-modal information fusion in enhancing monitoring accura-cy and adaptability are underlined.The current shortcomings of multi-factor information fusion methods are analyzed,such as the po-tential impact on animal welfare from parameter acquisition methods,the singularity of model algorithms used for representing multi-factor information fusion,and inadequacies in research on multi-factor feature extraction models and estrus identification decision al-gorithms.[Conclusions and Prospects]From the perspectives of system practicality,stability,environmental adaptability,cost-effective-ness,and ease of operation,several key issues are discussed that need to be addressed in the further research of precise sensing and in-telligent identification technologies for cow estrus within the context of high-quality development in digital livestock farming.These include improving monitoring accuracy under weak estrus conditions,overcoming technical challenges of audio extraction and voice-print construction amidst complex background noise,enhancing the adaptability of computer vision monitoring technologies,and es-tablishing comprehensive monitoring and identification models through multi-modal information fusion.It specifically discusses the numerous challenges posed by these issues to current technological research and explains that future research needs to focus not only on improving the timeliness and accuracy of monitoring technologies but also on balancing system cost-effectiveness and ease of use to achieve a transition from the concept of smart farming to its practical implementation.关键词
母牛发情/发情监测/发情鉴定/生理体征/行为模式/智慧育种Key words
cow's estrus/estrus monitoring/estrus identification/physical symptoms/behavior pattern/smart breeding分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张志勇,曹姗姗,孔繁涛,刘继芳,孙伟..母牛发情精准感知与智能鉴定技术研究进展、问题与挑战[J].智慧农业（中英文）,2025,7(3):48-68,21.基金项目
吉林省重点研发项目(20240303079NC) Key Research and Development Projects of Jilin Province(20240303079NC) （20240303079NC）
