植物营养与肥料学报2025，Vol.31Issue(6)：1073-1085,13.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2024286
秸秆还田配施适量氮肥提升灰钙土氮储量及供氮能力
Straw returning combined with suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer enhances the nitrogen storage and nitrogen-supplying capacity of sierozem
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the impact of straw return combined with nitrogen application on soil active nitrogen components,maize yield,and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),thereby providing a theoretical foundation for nitrogen fertilizer reduction and efficient straw return technologies.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023 on sierozem in the Gansu Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area.Under conditions of no straw return and straw return,three nitrogen application rates(0,375,and 450 kg/hm2)were set,resulting in a total of six treatments:N0,N375,N450,and SN0,SN375,SN450,respectively.After the second year's harvest,maize yield,above-ground nitrogen accumulation,and NUE were measured.Additionally,soil samples from the 0-40 cm layer were collected to determine soil total nitrogen(TN),nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N),ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N),dissolved organic nitrogen(DON),particulate organic nitrogen(PON),and microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)content.[Results]Compared with N375,SN375 significantly increased maize yield and above-ground nitrogen accumulation by 8.58%and 9.21%,respectively.Moreover,the NUE of SN375 was significantly higher than that of N375,N450,and SN450 by 17.98%,57.12%,and 38.92%,respectively.In the 0-20 cm soil layer,SN375 significantly increased soil TN,DON,PON,and MBN content compared with N375,and significantly increased soil DON,PON,and MBN compared with N450.SN450 significantly increased soil DON and MBN content compared with N375 and N450,while both SN375 and SN450 significantly decreased soil NO3--N content compared with N375 and N450.In the 20-40 cm soil layer,SN375 significantly increased soil TN,NH4+-N,DON,PON,and MBN content compared with N375,and significantly increased soil TN,DON,PON,and MBN compared with N450.SN450 significantly increased soil TN,DON,and MBN compared with N375 and N450.Compared with N375,SN375 significantly increased PON/TN and MBN/TN ratios in the 20-40 cm soil layer,decreased NO3--N/TN and NH4+-N/TN ratios in the 20-40 cm soil layer.Compared with N450,SN450 significantly increased MBN/TN and DON/TN ratios in the 0-20 cm soil layer and decreased NO3--N/TN ratio in the 20-40 cm soil layer.In the 0-40 cm soil layer,PON,MBN,DON,NO3--N,and NH4+-N were significantly correlated with TN,above-ground nitrogen accumulation,and NUE.In the 0-20 cm soil layer,PON,NH4+-N,and NO3--N were significantly or extremely significantly correlated with yield,while in the 20-40 cm soil layer,DON,MBN and NO3--N were significantly or extremely significantly correlated with yield.[Conclusions]On the sierozem in the Gansu Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area,nitrogen fertilizer application plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing soil nitrogen storage,nitrogen supply,and fertilizer retention capacity.However,long-term single nitrogen fertilizer reduction may risk decreasing soil fertility and crop yield.Combining straw return with an appropriate amount(375 kg/hm2)of nitrogen can enhance nitrogen absorption and utilization rates,reduce nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the plough layer,and increase soluble,particulate organic nitrogen,and microbial biomass nitrogen content in the 0-40 cm soil layer,significantly improving the effect of nitrogen fertilizer in enhancing soil nutrient retention and stable nutrient supply capacity.Excessive nitrogen application may reduce the effectiveness of straw return in improving nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and mitigating environmental risks.关键词
秸秆还田/施氮量/玉米产量/氮肥利用率/土壤全氮含量/活性有机氮组分Key words
straw returning to field/nitrogen application rate/maize yield/nitrogen use efficiency/soil total N content/active organic nitrogen content引用本文复制引用
温美娟,杨思存,王成宝,霍琳..秸秆还田配施适量氮肥提升灰钙土氮储量及供氮能力[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2025,31(6):1073-1085,13.基金项目
甘肃省自然科学基金项目(25JRRA412) （25JRRA412）
甘肃省重点研发计划项目(22YF7NA038) （22YF7NA038）
兰州市青年科技人才创新项目(2023-QN-169) （2023-QN-169）
农业农村部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503117) （农业）
甘肃省科技计划青年基金项目(21JR7RA724). （21JR7RA724）
