植物营养与肥料学报2025，Vol.31Issue(6)：1086-1094,9.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2024523
秸秆和畜禽粪便添加对黑土氮初级转化和固持特征的影响
Gross N transformation and retention characteristics of black soil as affected by straw and livestock manure application
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]Studying the effects of straw and livestock manure application on the gross N transformation characteristics in cropland soil can provide a deep understanding of the mechanisms of N supply and retention in soil,which is of great significance for the rational application of organic materials to improve soil fertility.[Methods]Indoor incubation experiment was used for the research.The test soil was black soil,and the test organic materials were pig manure(PM),chicken manure(CM),and maize straw(MS),the treatment without organic materials addition was used as the control(CK).The soil was paired labelled with 15 N isotope and incubated for one week at 25℃ and 60%WHC(water holding capacity).On the 0,1,2,4,and 7 day of incubation,soil samples were collected for measurement of inorganic and organic nitrogen contents,and their 15 N abundances.The rates of gross N mineralization,gross nitrification,NH4+immobilization and NO3-immobilization were calculated using FLUAZ numerical optimization model.[Results]The gross N mineralization rate of PM,CM,and MS treatment was N 7.86,N 6.23,and N 6.79 mg/(kg∙d),which was 2.71,1.94,and 2.20 folds higher than that of CK[N 2.12 mg/(kg∙d)].The gross N immobilization rate of PM,CM,and MS treatment was N 2.85,N 4.11,N 10.65 mg/(kg∙d),which was 1.32,2.34,and 7.66 folds of that of CK[N 1.23 mg/(kg∙d)].The gross N mineralization rates of PM and CM treatments were greater than the gross N immobilization rates,leading to net N mineralization in soil,while the reverse was true for MS,leading to the net N immobilization in soil.The immobilization rate of NH4+by soil microorganisms was significantly higher than that of NO3-,contributing 72%-99%of total inorganic N immobilization rate.Livestock manure and maize straw showed different immobilization effect on soil inorganic N.Compared with CK,PM and CM were recorded 2.36 and 3.40 times higher NH4+immobilization rates,but similar NO3-immobilization rates;MS was recorded 6.35 and 101 times higher NH4+and NO3-immobilization rates.The gross nitrification rate of CK was N 5.78 mg/(kg∙d),PM and CM treatments increased that to 2.13 and 1.35 times higher,whereas MS treatment decreased that to N 0.68 mg/(kg∙d).The ratios of gross nitrification to NH4+immobilization rate(GN/INH4+ratio)in PM and CM treatments were larger than 1,being 4.36 and 1.92,respectively,while the ratio in MS treatment was 0.09,less than 1.[Conclusions]Although straw can promote the mineralization of soil organic nitrogen,it also enhances the immobilization of inorganic nitrogen by microorganisms,resulting in a net immobilization of nitrogen in the soil.This is because the gross mineralization rate of organic nitrogen is lower than the immobilization rate of inorganic nitrogen,which favors the retention of inorganic nitrogen.When pig manure and chicken manure are applied,the gross mineralization rate of soil nitrogen exceeds the rate of inorganic nitrogen immobilization,particularly the biological immobilization rate of ammonium nitrogen,leading to net nitrogen mineralization.Moreover,due to the GN/INH4+ratio(ratio of gross nitrification rate to ammonium nitrogen immobilization rate)being greater than 1,potentially causing nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the soil and nitrogen diffusion from the soil into the environment.关键词
秸秆/猪粪/鸡粪/15N标记/有机氮初级矿化速率/初级硝化速率/铵态氮固定速率/硝态氮固定速率/GN/INH4+值Key words
straw/pig manure/chicken manure/15N label/gross organic N mineralization rate/gross nitrification rate/ammonia immobilization rate/nitrate immobilization rate/GN/INH4+ratio引用本文复制引用
郎漫,钟文,张君岳,毛涛,李梦,张馨予,李平..秸秆和畜禽粪便添加对黑土氮初级转化和固持特征的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2025,31(6):1086-1094,9.基金项目
中央土壤污染防治资金项目(新集采单[2021]1468). （新集采单[2021]1468）
