地质科学2025，Vol.60Issue(4)：1176-1191,16.DOI:10.12017/dzkx.2025.077
柴达木盆地西部新生界油气晚期聚集特征:青藏高原隆升的成藏效应
Late accumulation characteristics of hydrocarbon in the Cenozoic of the western Qaidam Basin:The hydrocarbon accumulation effect of the Tibetan Plateau uplift
摘要
Abstract
The Qaidam Basin is the only terrestrial oil and gas basin in the Tibetan Plateau where large-scale reserves have been discovered and significant oil and gas fields have been established.After years of exploration and research,substantial progress has been made in understanding the oil and gas accumulation patterns in the Qaidam Basin,effectively guiding the discovery of a series of medium to large oil and gas fields.However,research and summarization of the accumulation mechanisms and their controlling factors in the Qaidam Basin remain relatively weak,with limited studies on the influence of Tibetan Plateau uplift on oil and gas accumulation in the basin.This paper analyzes four key factors for oil and gas accumulation in the Qaidam Basin:hydrocarbon generation,trap formation,overpressure development,and fault activity,and links them to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau to elucidate the controlling mechanisms of oil and gas accumulation characteristics.The findings include:1)the Neogene strata in the western Qaidam Basin exhibit late-stage hydrocarbon generation characteristics,suggesting that the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has led to crustal shortening and thickening in the basin,while weakened mantle heating and the occurrence of cooling events have caused a decrease in geothermal gradient,delaying the thermal evolution of source rocks and resulting in a lag in hydrocarbon generation.2)The structural traps in the western Neogene of the Qaidam Basin are characterized by late-stage formation,emphasizing that the intense uplift of the Tibetan Plateau in the late stages resulted in the formation of numerous large structural belts and traps in the Qaidam Basin during the Late Himalayan orogeny.3)It is clarified that the western Neogene of the Qaidam Basin shows characteristics of abnormally high pressure developed in late stages and late-stage formation of fault pathways,indicating that the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has induced abnormal high pressure in the western Qaidam Basin,creating key dynamics for hydrocarbon migration,and that the uplift has led to the late-stage development of fault cycles in the western Neogene,which can serve as favorable pathways for hydrocarbon migration.4)It is proposed that the oil and gas reservoirs in the western Neogene of the Qaidam Basin exhibit characteristics of late-stage formation,primarily controlled by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.The insights gained not only define the fundamental characteristics of oil and gas accumulation in the western Neogene of the Qaidam Basin but also deepen the study of accumulation mechanisms,contributing to theoretical advancements in oil and gas accumulation in plateau-type sedimentary basins and facilitating new breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration.关键词
柴达木盆地/晚期生烃/构造圈闭/油气运移/青藏高原隆升/晚期成藏Key words
Qaidam Basin/Late hydrocarbon generation/Structural trap/Hydrocarbon migration/Tibetan Plateau/Late accumulation分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
陈钊州,朱军,张皓,王波,刘震,周飞,易立,邵泽宇,王兆兵,张文杰,候英杰..柴达木盆地西部新生界油气晚期聚集特征:青藏高原隆升的成藏效应[J].地质科学,2025,60(4):1176-1191,16.基金项目
青海省高原咸化湖盆油气地质重点实验室青海油田探区"十四五"油气资源评价项目(编号:2023YQX20113)资助 （编号:2023YQX20113）
