电力科技与环保2025，Vol.41Issue(4)：552-572,21.DOI:10.19944/j.eptep.1674-8069.2025.04.004
燃煤电厂化学吸收法碳捕集技术综述
A review of carbon capture technology and system by chemical absorption method for coal-fired power generation
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]In order to reduce CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants and help achieve the dual-carbon goal,it is necessary to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the chemical absorption process of CO2.[Methods]Based on the optimization technology of carbon capture in coal-fired power plants,this paper analyzed from three aspects,absorbent optimization,process flow optimization and integrated system optimization of decarbonization unit and coal-fired power plants.The performance of new absorbents such as mixed amine absorbent,two-phase absorbent and phase-separated water-less absorbent was discussed,and the energy-saving effects of process flows such as inter-stage cooling of absorption tower,rich liquid split and flash compression were summarized.At the same time,combined with the technical and economic indicators,the economy of integrated systems such as steam ejectors,steam turbines,and absorption heat pumps was evaluated.[Results]The research shows that reducing the heat load of the reboiler can be achieved by improving the absorbent and optimizing the process flow of the decarburization unit.The mixed amine absorbent has the greatest development potential,and its CO2 regeneration energy consumption is 27.7%lower than that of traditional monoethanolamine(MEA)absorbent.The mixed absorbent can avoid the conflict between the high absorption rate and low regeneration energy consumption of a single absorbent.It is easy to prepare and widely used in engineering practice.Two-phase absorbent,homogeneous water-less absorbent,deep eutectic absorbent and other absorbents can reduce the regeneration energy consumption and improve the decarburization performance to varying degrees,but there is a problem of high viscosity,which is not conducive to transfer.The combination of different decarburization process will affect each other.The efficient combination of process based on the analysis of energy saving mechanism is the premise of energy saving optimization.The core of integration system optimizition is the utilization of waste heat and pressure to achieve energy cascade utilization.The utilization forms include external work,recovery of low-grade waste heat and integration of new heat sources.The reboiler hydrophobic cycle and heat pump integration technology are the most mature among them.[Conclusion]In order to achieve large-scale commercial application and benefit from chemical absorption carbon capture in coal-fired power plants in the future,it is necessary to comprehensively consider the technical and economic indicators such as power generation cost and emission reduction cost,and take into account the energy saving,simplicity and economy of the capture system.关键词
燃煤电厂/MEA吸收法/节能/系统集成/技术经济性Key words
coal-fired power plant/MEA absorption method/energy saving/integration system/technical economy分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
黎顺,彭春燕,辛团团,许诚..燃煤电厂化学吸收法碳捕集技术综述[J].电力科技与环保,2025,41(4):552-572,21.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52176004) （52176004）
