河南农业科学2025，Vol.54Issue(8)：38-50,13.DOI:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.004
施氮量和施氮方式对宽窄行种植冬小麦氮素吸收利用、产量及土壤氮残留的影响
Effects of Application Rate and Method of Nitrogen on Winter Wheat Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization,Yield and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Residue under Wide-Narrow Row Planting
摘要
Abstract
Aikang 58(AK58)and Yunong 908(YN908)were used as experimental materials to study the effects of nitrogen application rates[120 kg/ha(N120),180 kg/ha(N180)and 240 kg/ha(N240)]and application methods[strip application(R)and broadcast application(S)]on the winter wheat aboveground dry matter accumulation,nitrogen absorption and utilization,yield and soil nitrate nitrogen residue under wide-narrow row(30 cm-15 cm-15 cm)planting,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for further optimizing the wheat-maize double cropping management system and the annual nitrogen reduction and efficient green fertilization strategy in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.The results showed that the aboveground dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation and pre-anthesis nitrogen transport amount of AK58 and YN908 generally increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Under the conditions of N120 and N180,compared with S treatment,the aboveground dry matter accumulation at mature stage of R treatment significantly increased by 10.56%,5.96%and 6.21%,5.25%,respectively;the nitrogen accumulation in panicle at mature stage significantly increased by 4.46%,7.41%and 14.21%,9.94%,respectively;the pre-anthesis nitrogen transport amount significantly increased by 10.11%,12.23%and 11.87%,12.21%,respectively.The nitrogen harvest index,partial factor productivity and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of AK58 and YN908 generally decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Compared with S treatment,R treatment increased the nitrogen use efficiency,partial factor productivity and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of AK58 and YN908,and the nitrogen use efficiency reached the maximum under N180R treatment.The grain yield of AK58 increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and the grain yield of YN908 increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Compared with S treatment,R treatment significantly increased the grain yield of AK58 under N120 and N180 conditions and YN908 under N120 condition,with the increase of 10.83%,6.06%and 15.59%respectively.AK58 reached the maximum yield under N180R treatment,and YN908 reached the maximum yield under N240R treatment.The nitrate nitrogen residue in soil gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate.Compared with S treatment,R treatment increased the nitrate nitrogen residue in surface soil in wide row area(maize planting area)at mature stage of winter wheat.The nitrate nitrogen residue in 0-40 cm soil layer(maize root layer)of N180 treatment was 55.95 kg/ha,which was the best matching with the nitrogen demand of subsequent maize at seedling stage.In summary,under the wide-narrow row planting,the combination of nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/ha and strip application is a cultivation measure for winter wheat to save nitrogen,stabilize yield and improve efficiency in this study area.关键词
冬小麦/宽窄行种植/施氮量/施氮方式/氮素吸收利用/产量/土壤硝态氮残留量Key words
Winter wheat/Wide-narrow row planting/Nitrogen application rate/Nitrogen application method/Nitrogen uptake and utilization/Yield/Soil nitrate nitrogen residue分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
马尚英,任永哲,夏婷婷,韩鹏彬,张梦姣,毛应杰,王志强,辛泽毓,林同保,连延浩..施氮量和施氮方式对宽窄行种植冬小麦氮素吸收利用、产量及土壤氮残留的影响[J].河南农业科学,2025,54(8):38-50,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300803-3) （2022YFD2300803-3）
