煤质技术2025，Vol.40Issue(4)：53-62,10.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7677.2025.04.006
金属氯化物催化剂在Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应中的应用进展
Progress in the application of metal chloride catalysts in Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions
摘要
Abstract
The Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction is one of the important reactions for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds in organic synthesis,which is the electrophilic substitution of aromatic hydrocarbons to aromatic ketones by car-boxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives under Lewis acid catalysis.The metal halide in the Lewis acid catalyst has a strong acidic center,which has a good catalytic effect on all kinds of activated and purified aromatic com-pounds.It is an efficient catalyst for acylation reaction,and it is cheap and easy to obtain.It is widely used in indus-trial production such as medicine,dye,plastic and liquid crystal.The research progress of AlCl3 catalyst,FeCl3 and ZnCl2 catalyst,other transition and late transition metal chloride catalysts in Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction was reviewed.The application of AlCl3 catalyst with mild conditions and high selectivity in the synthesis of different aro-matic ketone products was introduced.Finally,the development prospect of green and sustainable recovery process of metal chloride catalyst was prospected.The metal chloride catalyst based on AlCl3 is used as a Lewis acid in the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction.The molecule usually has an empty orbit that can be used to receive foreign molecu-lar electron pairs.According to the relative size of the empty orbit deformation ability,different metal chloride Lewis acids have different degrees of hardness.The order of hardness is AlCl3＞InCl3＞BiCl3＞GaCl3=FeCl3＞SbCl5＞SnCl4＞BF3＞TiCl4＞ZnCl2.At present,there are some problems in Lewis acid catalysts,such as the amount of metal chlo-ride is much larger than the amount of substrate,the catalytic efficiency needs to be improved,the poor recyclability after hydrolysis quenching reaction and the corrosion of equipment.In the future,the direction of academic research or industrial production efforts should focus on the more flexible selection of metal chlorides with lower catalytic a-mount to participate in the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction in the corresponding scenario.关键词
Friedel-Crafts酰基化/金属氯化物/AlCl3催化剂/芳香酮化合物/催化效率/空轨道变形能力/中间体骨架Key words
Friedel-Crafts acylation/metal chlorides/AlCl3 catalyst/aromatic ketone compounds/catalytic effi-ciency/deformation capacity of empty orbit/intermediate skeleton分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
钟金龙..金属氯化物催化剂在Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应中的应用进展[J].煤质技术,2025,40(4):53-62,10.基金项目
中国煤炭科工集团有限公司科技创新创业资金专项资助项目(2023-2-TD-ZD008) （2023-2-TD-ZD008）
煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司科技发展基金资助项目(2024ZDI-04) （2024ZDI-04）
