赣南医科大学学报2025，Vol.45Issue(7)：656-660,5.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5779.2025.07.007
膝关节髌周脂肪垫水肿的解剖学基础、病理机制与临床研究进展
Progress in anatomical basis,pathological mechanism and clinical study of peripatellar fat pad oedema of the knee joint
杨周鑫 1张娣 2吴振宇2
作者信息
- 1. 赣南医科大学第一临床医学院
- 2. 赣南医科大学第一附属医院医学影像科,江西 赣州 341000
- 折叠
摘要
Abstract
The peripatellar fat pad is a dynamic fatty structure located inside the joint capsule and outside the synovial membrane that adapts to changes in the luminal space during knee motion through deformation.Bony structural abnormalities(e.g.,patellofemoral malalignment),biomechanical disturbances,and increased sport loading can lead to mechanical injury to the peripatellar fat pad.Although pathological processes such as synovitis,tumours or fibrosis can affect the peripatellar fat pad,the mechanical etiology has not been fully elucidated.In the radiological literature,"impingement"is used as a key term to describe three types of structural abnormalities of the peripatellar fat pad:oedema of the superiorolateral Hoffa's fat pad(SHFP),oedema of the suprapatellar fat pad(SFP),and oedema of the prefemoral fat pad(PFP)oedema,which share a common pathological basis of abnormal mechanical stress.Based on the anatomical and biomechanical properties of the knee extensor apparatus,this paper systematically investigates the causal association between patellofemoral joint displacement(including static alignment abnormality and dynamic trajectory malposition)and the above mentioned peripatellar fat pad oedema.Literature analysis showed that SHFP oedema was significantly associated with patellar elevation and glide dysplasia;SFP oedema was mostly triggered by direct impingement of the superior pole of the patella;and PFP oedema was closely associated with chronic friction due to patellofemoral mal-tracking.Future studies need to integrate dynamic imaging and computer mechanics simulation to construct a prediction model for mechanical peripatellar fat pad injury,aiming to provide a new perspective for accurate diagnosis and treatment.关键词
膝关节/脂肪垫/撞击/髌骨偏移Key words
Knee joint/Fat pad/Hit/Patellar displacement分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
杨周鑫,张娣,吴振宇..膝关节髌周脂肪垫水肿的解剖学基础、病理机制与临床研究进展[J].赣南医科大学学报,2025,45(7):656-660,5.
