摘要
Abstract
Root-canal hand instruments,often referred to as hand files,are tools utilized in endodontic therapy to clean and enlarge the root canal through a push-pull motion from the crown to the root.In modern endodontic techniques,nic-kel-titanium instruments predominantly facilitate root canal preparation.However,hand instruments continue to play an ir-replaceable role in various procedures,including canal exploration,canal patency,apical clearance,and root canal length measurement.This article reviews the evolution of hand files,tracing the development of materials from the initial use of carbon steel to stainless steel and now to nickel-titanium.The manufacturing standards have progressed from irregularities to ISO standards,alongside the emergence of various modified instruments.As a result,hand files increasingly meet di-verse clinical needs,establishing themselves as indispensable tools in root canal therapy.Selecting appropriate hand in-struments and employing proper techniques—such as thorough irrigation;and cleaning,along with ultrasonic irrigation;helps prevent complications such as postoperative swelling,root canal perforation,instrument separation,and ledge for-mation.This has become an essential component of root canal therapy.关键词
手用根管锉/根管预备/镍钛/器械分离Key words
root canal hand file/root canal preparation/nickel-titanium/instrument separation分类
医药卫生
