草业学报2025，Vol.34Issue(9)：97-110,14.DOI:10.11686/cyxb2024374
耐瘠高产型玉米品种主要农艺性状特征分析
Analysis of main agronomic traits of low-fertility-tolerant and high-yielding maize varieties
摘要
Abstract
In this study,field experiments were conducted in nitrogen and phosphorus co-limited soil treated with and without fertilizer application to analyze the differences in plant traits,ear traits,and yield of ten maize(Zea mays)varieties.The aims were to explore the differences in low-fertility tolerance among maize varieties,and identify the main agronomic traits of low-fertility-tolerant and high-yielding maize varieties,thereby providing a scientific basis for selecting and breeding maize varieties that are suitable for low-to-medium-yielding fields with nutrient deficiencies.Based on the average yields under these conditions,the ten maize varieties were classified into three types:low-fertility-tolerant and high-yielding type(HB),low-fertility-intolerant and high-yielding type(HNB),and low-fertility-intolerant and medium-yielding type(SHNB).The yield increase from fertilization of the HB-type was significantly lower than that of HNB and SHNB types.Without fertilizer in low-fertility soil,the HB-type exhibited significantly greater plant height,ear height,ear length,kernels per row,and kernels per ear,compared to HNB and SHNB types,while the bald tip length was significantly shorter,and the coupling coordination degree of agronomic traits was significantly higher.Under fertilization,although the above agronomic traits of the HB-type did not differ significantly from those of the HNB-type,they were significantly higher than those of the SHNB-type.Boundary line analysis of agronomic traits and yields revealed that,to achieve a target yield of 12000 kg·ha-1 in low-fertility soil,the suitable ranges for agronomic traits of the HB-type were:ear length 17.80-20.42 cm;bald tip length<0.05 cm;kernels per row 34.32-40.36;kernels per ear 578.95-691.55;100-grain weight 34.31-39.70 g;plant height 229.43-256.98 cm;and ear height 103.38-125.52 cm.In conclusion,in low-to-medium-yielding fields with nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation,the HB-type maize varieties achieved a significantly higher kernels per row and kernels per ear by maintaining a longer ear length and shorter bald tip length.The coupling coordination degree of agronomic traits was also significantly higher,ultimately demonstrating an obvious yield advantage in low-fertility soil.关键词
玉米品种/耐瘠高产/农艺性状/耦合协调度/边界线分析Key words
maize varieties/low-fertility-tolerance and high-yield/agronomic traits/coupling coordination degree/boundary line analysis引用本文复制引用
李长青,宋亚茹,肖凡,缪春语,孙梦宇,纪萌,孙志梅..耐瘠高产型玉米品种主要农艺性状特征分析[J].草业学报,2025,34(9):97-110,14.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1901004)资助. （2021YFD1901004）
