摘要
Abstract
Laser welding,as an advanced welding process,is increasingly in demand in fields such as aerospace,new en-ergy,and high-end equipment manufacturing.Moreover,these fields have imposed increasingly stringent requirements on the quality and reliability of laser-welded components,especially those made of heterogeneous materials.However,the com-plexity of the laser welding process makes its mechanism research progress slowly,making it difficult to construct a precise mapping relationship between process,structure,and properties,which restricts its rapid development and application.This paper first reviews the principles and key technologies of laser welding,and compares the performance indicators and appli-cable scenarios of three types of laser sources:gas,solid(including fiber),and semiconductor.It then focuses on process op-timization,analyzing the effects of key parameters such as power density,defocus amount,and overlapping method on weld formation,as well as the progress in defect identification using online monitoring technology(X-ray high-speed imaging,op-tical coherence tomography)and signal processing algorithms(short-time Fourier transform,deep learning).It summarizes the research results of metal material welding,analyzes defect causes and controls,and generalizes the development of con-necting similar materials(especially heterogeneous materials)and new processes,while also reviewing the numerical mod-els used for laser welding and their research progress.With the development of process monitoring equipment,the combina-tion of online monitoring and numerical simulation is expected to break through the connection problems of heterogeneous materials and large components,becoming an important part of intelligent manufacturing.关键词
激光焊接/缺陷控制/异质材料/数值模拟/在线监测Key words
laser welding/defect control/heterogeneous materials/numerical simulation/online monitoring分类
矿业与冶金
