净水技术2025，Vol.44Issue(9)：166-174,185,10.DOI:10.15890/j.cnki.jsjs.2025.09.021
基于激励信号同步采集的供水管网泄漏声波定位技术
Excitation Signal-Based Synchronous Acquisition for Acoustic Leakage Localization in Water Supply Pipelines Distribution Networks
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Water pipeline leakage significantly impacts water resource efficiency and supply security,urgently requiring high-precision leak localization technology to improve pipeline operation efficiency.Acoustic location technology,as the current mainstream leak detection method,has its positioning accuracy significantly affected by the synchronization precision of acquisition equipment.Traditional network time protocol(NTP)can only achieve millisecond-level precision,while global navigation satellite system(GNSS)timing,though capable of nanosecond-level precision,often fails to function normally in underground pipeline environments due to signal obstruction.Therefore,this study aims to propose a synchronization acquisition method that does not rely on GNSS signals,solving the time synchronization problem of distributed acquisition systems in complex environments,achieving high-precision leak localization,and providing technical support for intelligent operation and maintenance of water supply networks.[Methods]This paper addressed the time synchronization issue in multi-point acquisition systems by proposing a synchronization acquisition method based on excitation signals.First,a theoretical model for leak acoustic time delay estimation was established,analyzing the impact mechanisms of sampling rate,quantization precision,and time synchronization errors on positioning accuracy.Then,a synchronization acquisition algorithm was designed,which achieved phase calibration and synchronization reference establishment by applying known periodic excitation signals to pipelines.A wavelet transform-based signal processing method was proposed,achieving high-precision time synchronization through three key stages including signal preprocessing,feature extraction and identification,and phase calibration and delay compensation.A hierarchical synchronization acquisition process was designed,combining NTP,GNSS timing,and excitation signal synchronization to ensure high-precision time synchronization under various environmental conditions.[Results]Experimental results demonstrated that with typical sound velocity(V)=1 500 m/s in water pipelines,time synchronization error can be controlled within 0.67 ms,achieving leak position error control within 1 m.[Conclusion]The proposed excitation signal synchronization acquisition method does not rely on GNSS signals,can compensate for device clock bias,is not affected by historical cumulative errors,and provides a new technical approach for water pipeline leak acoustic positioning.关键词
供水管网/声学检测/激励信号/同步采集/泄漏定位Key words
water supply pipelines network/acoustic detection/excitation signal/synchronized acquisition/leakage localization分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
范晶璟,苗大勇,冯乐,任植元,陈博,郭冠呈..基于激励信号同步采集的供水管网泄漏声波定位技术[J].净水技术,2025,44(9):166-174,185,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3208103) （2023YFC3208103）
清华大学"水木学者"计划(2023SM021) （2023SM021）
