黑龙江农业科学Issue(9)：1-7,7.DOI:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2025.09.0001
种植密度与施肥量对大豆产量和品质的影响
Effects of Planting Density and Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Soybean
摘要
Abstract
In order to promote high-yield and high-quality cultivation of soybeans in cold regions and facilitate the optimization of soybean production technology and industrial upgrading in China,this study employed 14 premium soybean varieties as experimental materials.Three planting density gradients(180 000,230 000,and 320 000 plants·ha-1),were set,and a comparative experiment was designed between the potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer spraying group and the clear water control group.The research investigated the effects of fertilization levels and planting density on major yield-related traits and quality characteristics of soybeans in the Third Accumulated Temperature Zone of Heilongjiang Province.Through statistical analysis and correlation studies on main agronomic traits,quality indicators,and yield data,it was found that the coefficients of variation for the number of main stem nodes,stem diameter,and plant height among different varieties were all less than 10％,while the yield coefficient of variation was significantly higher than that of seed protein and oil contents.Further analysis showed that plant height,the number of main stem nodes,and the number of effective branches had the strongest correlation with plot yield,making them key agronomic indicators for soybean plant type improvement and yield increase in the Third Accumulated Temperature Zone of Heilongjiang Province.It is worth noting that there was a significant negative correlation between seed protein content and yield,a significant positive correlation between oil content and yield,and a negative correlation between the total content of protein and oil and yield.Field experiment data showed that spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate could significantly optimize agronomic traits such as plant height,number of main stem nodes,number of effective branches,stem diameter,and bottom pod height,increase yield,and improve seed protein and oil contents by 0.52％and 0.24％respectively,confirming its promoting effect on high yield and good quality of soybeans.Planting density data showed that the soybean under the treatment of 230 000 plants·ha-1 was more conducive to high yield,and the seed quality traits showed balanced performance,indicating that the condition of 230 000 plants·ha-1 was more suitable for the soybean production needs in the Third Accumulated Temperature Zone of Heilongjiang Province.Under the optimal planting density,the seed protein content of Suinong 119 and Suinong 76 exceeded 42％,the seed oil content of Suinong 38 and Wodou 5 were outstanding,and the yield of Suinong 38 and Kennong 34 were significantly higher than that of other varieties.关键词
大豆/黑龙江省/叶面肥/种植密度/产量/品质Key words
soybean/Heilongjiang Province/foliar fertilizer/planting density/yield/quality引用本文复制引用
潘文婧,梁昭,刘忠民,孙亚男,丰少伟,高陆思,景玉良,王金星..种植密度与施肥量对大豆产量和品质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2025,(9):1-7,7.基金项目
现代农业省实验室粮食综合产能提升关键技术研发与应用(ZY04JD05-007) （ZY04JD05-007）
国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES06) （CARS-04-CES06）
黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院科技创新项目(SHFY2022-09). （SHFY2022-09）
