农业图书情报学报2025，Vol.37Issue(7)：4-18,15.DOI:10.13998/j.cnki.issn1002-1248.25-0374
欧盟人工智能数据治理的政策布局与治理特征研究
Layout and Characteristics of European AI Data Governance Policy
摘要
Abstract
[Purpose/Significance]The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology has reshaped the demand for data governance that is compliant,comprehensive,and refined.The European Union(EU)has proactively established a benchmark framework for AI data governance through targeted policy measures.However,there is a lack of systematic analysis on the policy layout and governance characteristics of AI data governance in the EU,both domestically and internationally.This paper focuses on the AI data governance policies in the EU,aiming to reveal the development process,policy layout,and governance characteristics of AI data governance in the region,providing valuable insights and references for advancing the global paradigm of AI data governance.[Method/Process]This paper systematically collects core AI data governance policy documents from 10 EU member states and the United Kingdom through multiple channels.By manually reviewing and selecting policy units related to"AI data governance,"the paper traces the development process and uses a three-dimensional analytical framework-governance goals,governance bodies,and governance tools-to reveal the policy layout and governance characteristics of AI data governance in the EU.[Results/Conclusions]The study found that AI data governance in the EU has transitioned from soft law guidance to hard law regulation,gradually establishing three key governance goals:data ethics protection,data security defense,and data value release.Through the establishment of a multi-level legislative system and a coordinated execution framework,the EU focuses on regulatory constraints,procedural norms,AI system element support,and data ecosystem construction,demonstrating comprehensive governance capabilities.First,the EU has constructed a consensus framework for data governance through unified norms,centrally coordinating the diverse needs of member states during policy implementation,ensuring high consistency of governance rules across the EU.Second,the EU's policy design strikes a balance between rule uniformity and national autonomy,allowing member states to adjust policies flexibly according to their unique data cultures and industrial structures,fostering better localized governance.Third,the EU's governance model achieves a dynamic balance between"strong regulation"and"promoting development,"ensuring the protection of citizens'rights through stringent ethical and risk prevention measures,while fostering innovation by releasing data value and driving AI industry growth.This paper provides a systematic analysis of the layout and characteristics of AI data governance in the EU.Future research could compare the EU framework with AI data governance policies in other major economies,such as the United States and China,to identify their respective strengths and weaknesses.关键词
欧盟/人工智能/数据治理/政策布局/治理特征Key words
Europe/artificial intelligence regulation/data governance/policy layout/data governance policy分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
董克,宋雨宸,吴佳纯..欧盟人工智能数据治理的政策布局与治理特征研究[J].农业图书情报学报,2025,37(7):4-18,15.基金项目
国家社科基金重大项目"情报学视角下的科技安全领域国家竞争研究"(23&ZD222) （23&ZD222）
