地球与行星物理论评（中英文）2026，Vol.57Issue(1)：1-26,26.DOI:10.19975/j.dqyxx.2025-007
地震动静态触发机制与时空特征研究进展
Advances in the spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanisms of earthquake static and dynamic triggering
摘要
Abstract
The static and dynamic stress changes induced by earthquakes can further trigger seismic events on surrounding or even remote faults.This phenomenon,known as static and dynamic triggering of earthquakes,has significant implications for earthquake prediction and seismic hazard assessment.Consequently,it has remained a focal point of seismological research over the past three decades.However,key challenges persist in effectively dis-tinguishing the relative contributions of static and dynamic triggering mechanisms in near-field seismic triggering,as well as in explaining the phenomenon of delayed dynamic triggering.In this study,we synthesize the main find-ings from prior research in the field and present the following conclusions:①Static triggering is the dominant mechanism in near-field earthquake activation,while dynamic triggering serves as a supplementary mechanism un-der certain favorable conditions.When specific thresholds are met,dynamic stress changes can participate in near-field triggering.②The Coulomb failure model and rate-and-state(R-S)friction law can be employed to simulate the advance of earthquake nucleation timing caused by static stress changes.The results exhibit both first-order agreement and second-order discrepancies,reflecting model-dependent nuances.③The delayed nature of dynamic triggering cannot be adequately explained by conventional Coulomb failure models or the R-S law.Instead,such phenomena must be interpreted through different physical processes—such as fluid-related mechanisms—depend-ing on the geological context of the fault zone.Nevertheless,the eventual occurrence of seismic events often still necessitates the contribution of static stress perturbations.④Both theoretical modeling and laboratory experiments highlight the limitations of dynamic triggering.Observed dynamic triggering phenomena are generally contingent upon two key factors:sufficiently large amplitudes of dynamic stress changes and fault conditions approaching the critical state of failure(e.g.,low effective normal stress or proximity to tectonic loading thresholds).The degree to which a fault nears failure and the regional tectonic environment(such as the presence of sedimentary layers)jointly determine the threshold required for dynamic triggering in a given area.Additionally,while seismic wave frequency is known to influence triggering potential,its relationship with dynamic triggering thresholds remains complex and contentious.⑤Additionally,this paper discusses phenomena such as fluid injection-induced seismi-city,solid Earth tide-triggered earthquakes,and the triggering of slow slip events.It is argued that the triggering mechanisms of these phenomena are generally consistent with the above conclusions.关键词
地震触发/静态触发/动态触发/触发机制/库仑应力变化Key words
earthquake triggering/static triggering/dynamic triggering/triggering mechanism/Coulomb stress change分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
贺鹏超,孟浩然,王敏,贾科,鞠奉江,王备..地震动静态触发机制与时空特征研究进展[J].地球与行星物理论评（中英文）,2026,57(1):1-26,26.基金项目
上海佘山地球物理国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金课题(SSKP202303) （SSKP202303）
广东省省级科技计划资助项目(2024A1111120016) （2024A1111120016）
高水平专项资金(G03050K001) （G03050K001）
陕西省重点研发计划(2023-YBSF-237)Supported by the Open Fund of Shanghai Sheshan Geophysical National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station(Grant No.SSKP202303),the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024A1111120016),the High-level Special Funding Program(Grant No.G03050K001),and the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2023-YBSF-237) （2023-YBSF-237）
