水利学报2025，Vol.56Issue(8)：991-1001,11.DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20240521
三峡实测坝前库水温与坝体温度场分析
Analysis of measured reservoir water temperature and dam temperature field in the Three Gorges Dam
摘要
Abstract
Temperature is an important monitoring item for concrete dams,as it is directly related to the operational behavior and safety of the dams.Based on the measured temperature data from the upstream surface and interior of typical sections of the Three Gorges Dam,this study analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution laws of the water tem-perature in the Three Gorges Reservoir and the dam temperature.It reveals the unique distribution characteristics of the water temperature in front of the dam and the temperature of the dam body in this multi-sand and deep reservoir.The research findings are as follows:(1)The annual average water temperature in front of the flood-discharge and powerhouse sections of the Three Gorges Dam remains basically isothermal along the depth direction.The bottom tem-perature of the reservoir is stable at 18.4℃,and the average water temperature slightly varies between 19.1℃ and 19.4 ℃ from the sediment elevation to the reservoir surface.(2)The temperature in the sediment is close to a con-stant temperature.The water temperature above the sediment elevation changes with seasons,being high in summer and low in winter.The monthly water temperature distributions along the water depth are nearly the same,and no obvious water stratification phenomenon is observed.(3)Analysis shows that the distribution characteristics of the water temperature in front of the dam are related to the ratio of reservoir capacity to runoff in the Three Gorges,the sediment concentration of the monthly incoming water,and the layout and operation mode of the flood-discharge and water-diversion structures.(4)Regarding the temperature field of the dam body,the spatial distributions of key tem-perature indicators such as the maximum and minimum temperatures,steady and quasi-steady temperature fields,foundation temperature difference,and maximum temperature difference are mainly studied.Since the average water temperature of the upstream reservoir is close to the average annual air temperature plus radiant heat and is similar to the temperature of the downstream dam surface,the steady temperature field of the dam body is close to an isothermal state,with a temperature range of 18.5℃ to 21℃.The temperature in the middle and lower parts of the upstream side of the dam body is higher than the 15℃ predicted in the design.(5)The highest temperature inside the dam body occurs at the peak moment after pouring,and the lowest temperature is the joint grouting temperature.(6)The tem-peratures above the upstream sediment elevation,downstream,and in the areas affected by the flood-discharge holes of the dam body change periodically with seasons.The measured indicators such as the highest temperature,lowest temperature,foundation temperature difference,and maximum temperature difference all show good regularity.Due to the significant differences between the measured sediment temperature and reservoir water temperature and the pre-dicted values at the design stage,the measured steady temperature of the dam body is higher than the original design prediction.The steady temperature distribution is close to a uniform isothermal field,which makes the actual founda-tion temperature difference and the upstream-downstream temperature difference of the dam body smaller than the design predictions.This reduces the tensile stress of the dam body caused by the temperature difference,which is beneficial for preventing cracks in concrete.关键词
三峡重力坝/安全监测/库水温/温度场/温差Key words
the Three Gorges Gravity Dam/safety monitoring/reservoir temperature/temperature field/tempera-ture difference分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
耿峻,张国新,张海龙,程恒,江晨芳..三峡实测坝前库水温与坝体温度场分析[J].水利学报,2025,56(8):991-1001,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0201000) （2016YFB0201000）
中国长江三峡集团有限公司项目(SXSN/4983) （SXSN/4983）
