生物技术通报2025，Vol.41Issue(9)：1-21,21.DOI:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2025-0645
RNA干扰在植物功能基因组学和遗传改良中的应用研究进展
Advances in RNA Interference Technology for Plant Functional Genomics and Crop Improvement
摘要
Abstract
RNA interference(RNAi)is a sequence-specific gene silencing mechanism mediated by double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)and conserved in eukaryotes.Its molecular mechanism primarily involves the processing of dsRNA,the generation of small interfering RNA(siRNA)or microRNA(miRNA),and the sequence-specific degradation or translational inhibition of target mRNA mediated by the RNA-induced silencing complex(RISC).Based on this mechanism,RNAi technology has become a powerful tool for plant functional genomics research and demonstrates immense potential in the genetic improvement of crops for resistance to diseases and pests,as well as in green and sustainable pest control.This review systematically summarizes the discovery history and molecular mechanism of RNAi and focuses on its three core applications:Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)utilizes engineered viral vectors to achieve transient silencing of host genes,providing an efficient approach for plant gene functional studies.Host-induced gene silencing(HIGS)aims to breed transgenic crops with durable resistance to fungi,viruses,and pests by expressing RNAi molecules within the plant to target and silence key genes in pathogens or pests.Spray-induced gene silencing(SIGS),as a non-transgenic strategy,involves spraying designed target-specific dsRNA.Upon uptake by the target pathogen or pest,this dsRNA inhibits the expressions of their key genes,thereby interfering with their infection/infestation process,offering a novel,environmentally friendly strategy for disease and pest control.In the future,further advancements in RNAi technology are expected to benefit from the deep integration of synthetic biology,artificial intelligence,and nano-delivery systems to optimize target design,enhance silencing efficiency,and reduce off-target risks.With breakthroughs in key technologies and the overcoming of application bottlenecks,RNAi holds exceptionally broad application prospects for advancing plant science research and achieving sustainable agriculture.关键词
RNA干扰/病毒诱导基因沉默/寄主诱导基因沉默/喷雾诱导基因沉默/跨界RNAi/基因沉默/双链RNA/病虫害防治Key words
RNA interference/virus-induced gene silencing/host-induced gene silencing/spray-induced gene silencing/cross-kingdom RNAi/gene silencing/double-stranded RNA/disease and pest control引用本文复制引用
黄雯婧,任思潮,林俐,王幼平,吴健..RNA干扰在植物功能基因组学和遗传改良中的应用研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2025,41(9):1-21,21.基金项目
江苏省基础研究专项资金(自然科学基金)杰出青年基金项目(BK20240046),国家自然科学基金项目(32072020),国家级大学生创新训练计划项目(202411117084Z) （自然科学基金）
