西部人居环境学刊2025，Vol.40Issue(4)：23-30,8.DOI:10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20250525005
绿地率梯度变化和植物类型差异对居住区微气候的影响研究
The microclimate effects of residential areas based on the changes in green space ratio and plant types
摘要
Abstract
China is vigorously advancing urban construction oriented toward climate change adaptation.As highlighted in the National Strategy on Climate Change Adaptation 2035,theoretical research on climate-resilient urban development remains relatively underdeveloped.The green space ratio of residential areas,a statutory indicator in urban and rural planning,functions as a"rigid constraint"in urban planning.It not only safeguards the living environment and directly affects residents'health and well-being but also bears on the climate change adaptability of urban construction.This ratio has clearly defined numerical benchmarks and calculation protocols:under China's national,industrial,and provincial/municipal standards,the national standard stipulates that the green space ratio for residential areas should fall within 20％to 35％.Residential green spaces play a pivotal role in improving urban microclimates.Exploring the local climatic effects under specific green space ratio values thus aligns with the country's fundamental theoretical needs for advancing climate change adaptation in construction.Despite being a rigidly regulated indicator with widespread practical application,the green space ratio in residential areas lacks in-depth theoretical research concerning its correlation with local climates.This gives rise to pressing research questions:How do current residential green space ratio standards impact local microclimatic effects?How does the local climate respond to variations in the green space ratio?Under the same green space ratio,how do differences in plant types lead to divergences in local climatic effects?To address these questions,this study investigates the impacts of varying green space ratios and plant types on residential microclimates.The research constructs a closed residential area model as the sample,with its planning and design parameters derived from the《Technical Regulations for Urban and Rural Planning of Guangzhou》(2019 Edition),including data on land area,building height,building density,and floor area ratio for the ideal model.In the simulation experiments,the green space ratio is set to range from 10％to 50％at 5％intervals,resulting in 9 distinct ratios.Combined with three plant types—trees,bush,and grass—a total of 27 scheme models are designed,alongside a control group with no green spaces.The ENVI-met(V5.5 Science)software is employed,with parameter settings verified through field measurements and selected as"Full Forcing+Localized Value."To obtain localized plant parameters,Ficus microcarpa,Carmona microphylla,and Axonopus compressus are chosen as samples.The LAI-2200C plant canopy analyzer is used to measure LAI data,and average LAD values are further calculated.Under these parameter settings,temporal and spatial numerical simulations of climatic factors(temperature,relative humidity,and wind speed)are conducted for all 28 model groups.The simulation results reveal the following(1)Regarding mean values and regulatory effects under varying green space ratios:As the green space ratio increases from 0％to 50％,the daily average temperature(Ta')decreases gradually—from 32.78℃ to 31.35℃ for trees,32.78℃ to 31.88℃ for bushes,and 32.78℃ to 32.02℃ for grasses.In terms of daily average temperature regulation,the temperature drop is most significant when the ratio rises from 0％to 20％,moderate from 20％to 35％,and smallest from 35％to 50％.Correspondingly,the daily average relative humidity(RH')increases gradually—from 69.31％to 75.77％for trees,69.31％to 73.40％for bushes,and 69.31％to 73.42％for grasses.The humidity increase follows a similar pattern:most pronounced from 0％to 20％,moderate from 20％to 35％,and smallest from 35％to 50％.In the simulation,the mean wind speed in the non-green space scenario is 0.85 m/s,and it decreases slightly as the green space ratio increases from 0％to 50％.(2)Concerning diurnal variation trends:Regardless of the green space ratio,the hourly cooling and moisture-retention effects of trees are significantly stronger than those of bushes and grasses.Under green space ratios of 30％and 50％,all plant types exhibit notable wind speed regulation effects.(3)Regarding spatial effects under varying green space ratios:As the green space ratio increases from 10％to 50％,both the magnitude and range of temperature reduction and humidity increase expand continuously.At a 30％green space ratio,trees achieve a 1.0℃ cooling effect and 4％humidification effect,covering 52.6％of the area—far exceeding bushes(10.5％)and grasses(5.3％),and even outperforming bushes and grasses at a 50％green space ratio.The main conclusions are First,as the green space ratio increases from 0％to 50％,the cooling and humidification effects in residential environments are continuously enhanced,while the wind speed regulation effect alternates between strengthening and weakening.The daily average cooling effect ranges from 0 to 2.5℃,the daily average humidification effect from 0％to 10％,and the wind speed impact from 0.02 to 0.1 m/s.With an increasing green space ratio,the cooling and humidification trends of different plant types become progressively more distinct.Second,as the green space ratio rises from 10％to 50％,the temperature drop and cooling range expand continuously.A 30％green space ratio—where the 1.0℃ cooling effect and 4％humidification effect cover over 50％of the area—emerges as a relatively effective benchmark for improving the microclimate.Third,once the green space ratio reaches 30％,optimizing plant types yields more effective microclimate regulation than increasing the ratio itself.Increasing the proportion of trees—especially selecting broad-leaved species with large canopies—is conducive to optimizing the microclimate in residential areas.关键词
绿地率/绿化植物类型/微气候/ENVI-met/居住区Key words
green space ratio/plant types/microclimate/ENVI-met/residential spaces分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
冯娴慧,景美兮..绿地率梯度变化和植物类型差异对居住区微气候的影响研究[J].西部人居环境学刊,2025,40(4):23-30,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(51978276、41201590) （51978276、41201590）
