西部人居环境学刊2025，Vol.40Issue(4)：31-36,6.DOI:10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240903003
不同建成环境下城市公园的降温效应
The cooling effect of urban parks in different built environments:A case study in Wuhan
摘要
Abstract
With the accelerating pace of urbanization,the degradation and disappearance of natural and semi-natural ecosystems have brought about alterations in surface thermodynamic properties.These changes not only exacerbate the urban heat island effect,giving rise to more frequent heat waves,but also have a profound impact on the living environment of urban residents,increasing the probability of their exposure to extreme heat conditions.Based on reducing its own temperature,urban parks,as integral components of the urban ecosystem,can alleviate local thermal effects through energy exchange.Existing studies primarily examine the influence of internal and external landscape elements on the cooling effects of urban parks.Metrics used to characterize landscape patterns include park geometry(e.g.,area and perimeter),land cover composition(e.g.,vegetation coverage and water bodies),and building morphology(e.g.,building density and floor area ratio).However,the composition and configuration of landscape elements surrounding urban parks are highly complex,making it difficult to adequately characterize the urban built environment using individual metrics alone.Local Climate Zones(LCZs),defined by consistent internal attributes such as surface cover and structural characteristics,provide a standardized framework for representing urban landscape heterogeneity.This feature makes LCZs a critical tool for describing the attributes of park surroundings.What is more,park types significantly influence cooling effects,with those containing water bodies demonstrating greater cooling intensity and broader cooling areas than those without.Water bodies offer higher cooling intensity compared to vegetated areas.Thus,categorizing parks into lake-type and green-type park allows for a comparative analysis of their cooling effects under varying built environments.Considering the above,this study first characterized the built-environment features around parks using LCZs.Then,parks with similar LCZ compositions were classified via the k-means clustering algorithm.Subsequently,correlation and regression analyses were conducted to discuss the cooling effects of lake-type and green-type parks in different built environments,as well as the differences between park cool island intensity(PCII)and maximum park cooling distance(MPCD),and the key influencing factors.Atypical samples were analyzed to clarify the impact of surrounding landscape elements on park cooling effects.There were results indicated that the surroundings of Wuhan's urban parks primarily consist of open residential areas(LCZs 4 and 5)and natural or semi-natural landscapes(LCZs D and G).The first-group parks along the Yangtze River are primarily surrounded by open mid-rise buildings,interspersed with dense,older urban areas.The second-group parks,situated in the outer areas around the first-group parks,have a higher proportion of open high-rise buildings.Compared to the first-group parks,the second-group parks exhibit a 1.23℃greater average cooling intensity,which indicates that the distribution of open high-rise buildings in the surrounding area can moderately enhance the cooling effects of parks.Lake-type parks demonstrate a more pronounced cooling intensity across diverse built environments compared to green-type parks.The maximum cooling distance for lake-type parks predominantly ranges from 200 to 300 meters,while green-type parks exhibit greater variability,reflecting higher sensitivity to changes in the surrounding built environment.Both park types show a significant positive correlation between water body proportion and park cool island intensity.Within a water body proportion from 30%to 60%,variations in this proportion have minimal impact on park cooling intensity.However,when the proportion falls below 30%or exceeds 60%,incremental increases cause a substantial rise in cooling intensity.Additionally,the presence of a large water body near parks tends to diminish the cooling effects of the parks on their surroundings. This study offers targeted planning recommendations to optimize surrounding built environments and internal park landscapes,informed by observed differences in park cooling effects and existing research.On one hand,integrating pocket parks and fragmented green spaces around open mid-rise buildings creates a network connecting parks and communities,mitigating built environmental differences and enhancing the radiative cooling effects of urban parks.On the other hand,renovation and upgrade plans are guided by regression results linking park cooling intensity to water body coverage.Specifically,when water body proportion exceeds 60%,expanding water areas is recommended to further enhance cooling intensity.This research enhances understanding of park cooling effects in different built environments,providing insights to improve urban park planning and management to mitigate the urban heat island effect.关键词
建成环境/城市公园/降温效应/景观格局Key words
built environment/urban park/cooling effect/landscape pattern分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
曹茜,郑玉祯,邓湘文,高伟,夏智宏..不同建成环境下城市公园的降温效应[J].西部人居环境学刊,2025,40(4):31-36,6.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42371115) （42371115）
武汉市气象科技联合项目(2023020201010576) （2023020201010576）
