西部人居环境学刊2025，Vol.40Issue(4)：190-198,9.DOI:10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20231106001
从水上船屋到海洋城市:海上移动建筑历史发展的思与辨
From boathouse to ocean city:A brief review and speculation on the historical development of mobile marine architecture
摘要
Abstract
As global urbanization intensifies and environmental crises escalate,marine habitation has emerged as a critical area of focus in contemporary architectural research.This paper introduces"mobility"as a new conceptual framework for studying marine habitation,placing the concept of"mobile architecture",a form of habitation with both historical significance and future potential,within the oceanic context for detailed exploration.Drawing on the research paradigm of architectural sociology,this paper reviews the historical evolution of mobile marine architecture and offers new insights into the future of marine habitation.The research traces the development of mobile marine architecture by following the trajectory"from boathouse to ocean city",employing a"society-space"interactive research model.By integrating analytical frameworks that consider the dimensions of technology,society,and environment,the paper summarizes key historical characteristics and future trends in mobile marine architecture,while also examining the social relationships that underpin these developments.The research begins by exploring the transition from traditional boathouse settlements to modern floating communities,selecting three case studies as representative examples:the boat-dwellings of Tanka people in ancient coastal China,the British barge homes during the industrial period,and the floating residential communities of Seattle in the 19th and 20th centuries.The Tanka,known as"water people",inhabited boats along China's southern coast,maintaining a mobile lifestyle that reflected a deep connection to both marine and land-based environments.In Britain,barge homes provided affordable housing for working-class communities during industrialization,presenting a unique response to the pressures of urbanization.Similarly,Seattle's floating homes,which gained prominence in the late 19th century,offer a modern iteration of marine habitation,blending urban conveniences with the flexibility of water-based living.The research then shifts to examine the futuristic visions of ocean cities,particularly those conceptualized by the Japanese Metabolism movement in the 1960s.The Metabolists envisioned dynamic,evolving cities that would expand onto the ocean,addressing issues of overpopulation and resource scarcity.Their"ocean city"concepts reflect a forward-thinking approach to mobile marine architecture,emphasizing adaptability and sustainability as core principles.In contrast,contemporary architectural responses are largely driven by concerns about climate change and rising sea levels.Current proposals for sustainable ocean cities focus on eco-friendly design and resilience,offering solutions that integrate renewable energy,water management,and social inclusivity to mitigate environmental impacts.The research further synthesizes the evolution and future direction of mobile marine architecture through three key lenses:technological advancements,changes in social organization,and methods of environmental adaptation.Technologically,mobile marine architecture has advanced from simple boat homes to sophisticated floating infrastructures,enabled by innovations in materials,construction techniques,and environmental technologies.These developments have made mobile marine architecture increasingly viable as a response to modern urban challenges.Socially,floating communities have evolved from marginalized spaces to exemplars of adaptive living.Historically overlooked,these communities now provide important lessons in flexibility and sustainability.In terms of environmental adaptation,mobile marine architecture has consistently demonstrated its ability to coexist with dynamic ocean environments.By utilizing strategies such as modular construction and renewable energy integration,these structures have adapted to changing environmental conditions,illustrating how mobile architecture can support sustainable living practices in an era of climate uncertainty.The paper also argues that historical precedents in mobile marine architecture offer valuable insights into addressing the core needs of constructability,habitability,and adaptability in future marine habitation.Finally,the research concludes that the evolution of mobile marine architecture reflects a broader shift in the relationship between architecture and the environment,from a parasitic model,where humans exploited marine resources,to a symbiotic model,where architecture and the environment are mutually supportive.This transformation highlights the changing ways humans have managed their relationship with the sea across different historical periods.Despite these variations,mobile marine architecture consistently meets the fundamental requirements of constructability,habitability,and adaptability in spatial practice.The paper proposes that"mobile nomadism"represents a proactive social response to contemporary environmental challenges.Mobile marine architecture,as a flexible and adaptive habitation strategy,offers a promising solution to the threats posed by climate change and resource scarcity.The integration of technology,society,and the environment into cohesive design frameworks will be crucial for the sustainable development of future marine habitats.By drawing on both historical precedents and forward-looking architectural visions,the paper underscores the potential of mobile marine architecture to contribute to more sustainable,resilient,and adaptable urban futures.Consequently,this research does not only trace the historical development of mobile marine architecture from a"society-space"perspective but also presents innovative ideas for the future of marine habitation.By examining historical case studies alongside contemporary architectural proposals,the study offers a comprehensive understanding of how mobile architecture can help address global environmental challenges and contribute to the creation of sustainable,adaptive living environments.This research also provides a valuable framework for architects,urban planners,and policymakers seeking to develop innovative strategies for marine habitation in response to global environmental changes.关键词
海上移动建筑/船屋/海洋城市/历史发展/人海关系Key words
mobile marine architecture/boathouse/ocean city/historical development/relationships between humans and the sea分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
欧雄全,马明..从水上船屋到海洋城市:海上移动建筑历史发展的思与辨[J].西部人居环境学刊,2025,40(4):190-198,9.基金项目
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2022M722401) （2022M722401）
云南省科技厅基础研究专项面上项目(202401CF070194) （202401CF070194）
