西部人居环境学刊2025，Vol.40Issue(4)：213-220,8.DOI:10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240118002
流域视角下贵州传统村落空间分布特征及影响因素
Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages in Guizhou from the perspective of watershed
摘要
Abstract
Traditional villages are important material carriers of Chinese agrarian civilization.Under the current background of modernization and globalization,with the acceleration of urbanization process,the cultural and ecological balance of rural areas has been gradually broken,and a large number of traditional villages are facing great challenges in protection and development.It has become one of the directions to explore the overall protection and synergistic development mode of traditional villages from regional perspective.As a holistic natural geospatial unit,watershed is a typical area of interaction between human and nature.In this paper,757 villages in Guizhou province listed in the Chinese traditional villages list are taken as the objects to explore the spatial distribution pattern of traditional villages in the provincial scale from the watershed perspective,and the spatial distribution characteristics of traditional villages and their influencing factors are analyzed in depth from the aspects of the natural environment and the social and humanities by using the tools of ArcGIS and Geodetector.The results show that:Firstly,traditional villages in Guizhou present three clustered distribution areas across the watersheds--Southeast Guizhou,Central Guizhou and Northeast Guizhou,with the highest distribution density in the Liu River Basin and Yuan River Basin in Southern Guizhou.The Liu River Basin is dominated by villages along the northern Duliu River,which are clustered in the upper and lower reaches,and mainly comprise Shui,Miao,and Dong villages;the Yuan River Basin is dominated by Miao villages in the middle and upper reaches of the Qingshui River in the southern part of the country;the Wu River Basin is characterized by the clustered distribution of Han villages in the upper reaches,and the dispersed distribution of Tujia villages in the lower reaches of the country;the Hongshui River Basin is dominated by the Buyi villages in the middle and upper reaches of the country;and the Chishui River Basin is dominated by the dispersed distribution of Han villages in the middle and lower reaches of the country.Secondly,the influence of ethnicity and topographic factors on the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Guizhou is the most significant,followed by economic,demographic,climatic and river factors,and the influence of transportation and urban factors is weaker.The nonlinear enhancement of ethnicity and elevation factors is significant,with the largest number of Miao villages in the Yuanjiang River basin and Dong villages in the Liu River Basin,and the villages in different basins and river segments show obvious differences in ethnic characteristics.The influencing factors of spatial distribution of traditional villages in different watersheds also show differences.Based on the comprehensive analysis of natural-human factors,the most significant settlement characteristics of traditional villages in Guizhou can be extracted-mountainous features and multi-ethnic settlement.Thirdly,based on the spatial distribution of the three traditional village cluster areas in the provincial area,six typical traditional village clusters are summarized,and the natural-humanistic characteristics of different traditional village clusters show differences,which highlight the regional characteristics of different watershed units.The Miao village clusters in the upper and middle reaches of the Qingshui River show significant alpine-mountainous village characteristics,the Shui village clusters in the upper reaches of the Duiliu River and the Dong village clusters in the lower reaches of the Duiliu River show low-mountainous-waterfront village characteristics,the Han village clusters in the upper reaches of the Wu River show mounded plains and flat dams village characteristics,the Buyi village clusters in the middle reaches of the Beipan River show alpine-mountainous village characteristics,and the Tujia villages in the lower reaches of the Wu River show low-mountainous mountainous village characteristics.The village cluster of Tujia in the lower reaches of the Wu River presents low mountain-mountain type village characteristics.Typical mountain traditional village clusters and clusters of villages of different ethnic groups carry the typical mountain farming culture and diversified minority cultures of Guizhou Province.Therefore,the conservation and development of traditional villages at the regional level needs to be combined with the regional characteristics of different watersheds to formulate targeted strategies.The centralized and contiguous protection of traditional villages can start from the watershed unit,and through the natural geography,history and culture,and socio-economic elements across the administrative boundaries,individual traditional villages can be linked together to become a surface,and the synergistic elements of the traditional village clusters with development potentials can be explored,and the regional resources can be integrated,so that the synergistic level of the various developmental elements of the traditional villages within the traditional village clusters can be improved,and the centralized and contiguous traditional villages of synergistic development of the economy,society,and culture can be formed.The research results can provide scientific basis and reference guidelines for the overall protection and synergistic development of traditional village cultural heritage in Guizhou.关键词
流域/传统村落/空间分布特征/集群/贵州Key words
watershed/traditional villages/spatial distribution characteristics/influencing factors/clusters/Guizhou分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
王希,徐小东,余压芳,刘可,张然..流域视角下贵州传统村落空间分布特征及影响因素[J].西部人居环境学刊,2025,40(4):213-220,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52168011) （52168011）
"十三五"国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFD1100904) （2019YFD1100904）
贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般539) （黔科合支撑[2021]一般539）
