丝绸2025，Vol.62Issue(9)：23-32,10.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2025.09.003
基于汗液的可穿戴光学传感器在运动训练中的应用
The application of wearable optical sensors based on sweat in sports training
摘要
Abstract
This review comprehensively examines the application of wearable optical biosensors based on sweat analysis in athletic training.With rapid advancements in flexible electronics,microfluidic technologies,and nanomaterials,sweat-based wearable optical sensors have emerged as a cutting-edge research direction in sports medicine and training science.This article systematically summarizes recent progress in optical sweat sensing technologies,with particular emphasis on their fundamental principles,developmental trajectories,technical advantages,and current limitations,while exploring their practical applications in sports scenarios. Key advancements are categorized into two types:material innovations and performance breakthroughs,and structural design and functional integration.The former type is mainly reflected in four aspects.First,in terms of Janus membranes for intelligent fluid control,unidirectional sweat transport and anti-reflux functionality are achieved through hydrophobic-hydrophilic heterointerface design,effectively addressing cross-contamination issues inherent to traditional absorbent materials.Second,with regards to plasmonic nanostructure-enhanced SERS substrates,nano-porous Au/polycarbonate composite substrates fabricated via nuclear track-etching technology,featuring through-hole channel architecture and in-situ synthesized stellated gold nanoparticles,significantly improve Raman signal uniformity(deviation＜6％)and enable ultrasensitive detection of stress hormones at concentrations as low as 10-13 mol/L.Third,as for UCNP fluorescent probes,by utilizing NaYF4:Yb,Er/Tm@NaYF4 core-shell structures with near-infrared excitation(980 nm),skin autofluorescence interference is effectively eliminated,achieving a urea detection limit of 1.4 μM,indicating a two-order-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity over conventional fluorescence methods.Fourth,with respect to self-healing hydrogel ECL systems:a closed bipolar electrode configuration integrating reduced graphene oxide(rGO)and luminol-functionalized hydrogels enables in situ detection of lactate and Cl-via swelling-induced interfacial self-healing mechanisms,demonstrating mechanical stability across＞500 bending cycles. The latter type is mainly refected in three aspects.First,in terms of microfluidic-optical hybrid architectures,superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic micropore array patches enhance sweat sampling efficiency to 92％through capillary action and spatial confinement effects,while enabling continuous metabolite monitoring via SERS technology.Second,with regards to multimodal sensor fusion systems,the Shenzhen University research team integrates colorimetric,fluorescent,and ECL sensing modalities,achieving synchronized acquisition of pH,urea,and electrolyte data(correlation coefficient R2＞0.98)via smartphone multispectral imaging,validated for motion artifact resistance in marathon field trials.Third,as for flexible electronics-textile integration,strain-responsive hydrogel sensors quantify sweat secretion rates through expansion-induced resistivity modulation(gauge factor GF=2.1),coupled with cloud-based algorithms to deliver dehydration risk alerts(accuracy＞90％). The findings demonstrate substantial potential for sweat-based wearable optical sensors in athletic training,enabling real-time physiological status feedback that assists athletes in optimizing training loads,preventing exercise-induced injuries,and enhancing overall training efficacy.These advanced sensing platforms generate precise biometric datasets,thereby enabling personalized diagnostics and facilitating the implementation of precision medicine paradigms in sports science.关键词
汗液分析/光学传感器/运动员/柔性可穿戴技术/生理指标/训练监控Key words
sweat analysis/optical sensors/athletes/flexible wearable technology/physiological indicators/training monitoring分类
轻工纺织引用本文复制引用
常宁,肖云瀚,宋宜隆,冯瑞,吕冰强,耿家先,段小敏,姜涛,马福海..基于汗液的可穿戴光学传感器在运动训练中的应用[J].丝绸,2025,62(9):23-32,10.基金项目
青海省科研基金项目(2023-SF-116) （2023-SF-116）
陕西省体育局科技攻关项目(203072202) （203072202）
浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题项目(22NDJC157YB) （22NDJC157YB）
西安体育学院教育教学改革研究重点项目(XTJY2401) （XTJY2401）
