丝绸2025，Vol.62Issue(9)：52-60,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2025.09.006
罗布麻纤维掺杂的无氟超疏水复合材料温和构造及除油应用
Mild construction and oil removal application of fluorine-free superhydrophobic composites doped with Apocynum venetum fibers
摘要
Abstract
Crude oil leakage at sea and the discharge of industrial oily wastewater pose a serious threat to the ecological environment.To address this issue,researchers have developed a variety of oil-removing materials with different properties by using relevant technical means,in the hope of effectively reducing the harm of oil pollutants.With the continuous advancement of science and technology,the academic community has successfully developed special oil removal products with different functional characteristics.Among them,special wettability composite materials have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their advantages such as stable performance,no need for external assistance,and easy regulation.However,most of the existing composite materials used for oil removal still face problems and challenges such as high raw material costs,complex preparation procedures,and the possible environmental hazards caused by the chemical reagents used in the modification process.Therefore,researchers are paying increasing attention to the selection of biomass raw materials in the product preparation process and their clean,efficient,green and environmentally friendly characteristics.Natural fibers are a very important biomass resource and have attracted much attention due to their renewable characteristics and abundant reserves in nature.Therefore,some scholars have taken advantage of their strengths,combining natural fibers with special wettability,and adopting surface modification techniques such as chemical modification or physical treatment to achieve oil-water separation through spontaneous induction,thereby achieving the effects of being clean,low-cost,and easy to implement.However,at present,the development of such materials still faces problems such as limited preparation methods,possible involvement of harmful substances during the modification process,and durability being affected by the natural environment. To solve the above problems,based on the concept of green development,this paper uses natural Apocynum venetum fibers as raw materials and combines functional magnetic nanoparticles to prepare a fluorine-free superhydrophobic composite material through a gentle one-step method.Firstly,their microstructure and chemical information were characterized to explore their internal structure and chemical composition to clarify the reaction principle.Meanwhile,their compressive stress and strain as well as porosity were measured to evaluate their physical properties.Their photo thermal performance,wetting performance and oil absorption performance were systematically analyzed to explore their applicability in removing viscous floating oil on the water surface under the drive of photothermal.On this basis,the exploration of simulated oil phase removal on the sea surface under magnetic control and viscous floating oil absorption under photothermal drive was carried out in detail.Finally,the cyclic application ability of the target product was evaluated through the cyclic absorption-squeeze test.The raw materials used in this paper are natural and environmentally friendly.The superhydrophobic performance is achieved by the room-temperature gelation effect among low surface energy substances such as long-chain alkylamines,polyacrylate group compounds and polyamino compounds,simplifying the experimental process.Moreover,no fluorine-containing compounds are used for modification,making the experimental process non-toxic and environmentally friendly.Additionally,the addition of magnetic nanoparticles endows the material with pho to thermal effects and magnetic control effects,achieving multifunctional integration.The research found that the water contact angle of the composite material is 155.2°,the rolling angle is 5°,achieving superhydrophobicity,and the saturated maximum oil absorption capacity for dichloromethane reaches 5.82 g/g.It has good photothermal performance.Under one-solar light intensity,the surface equilibrium temperature of AF/Fe3O4/OTCA-GP rises to 57.7 ℃ within 5 minutes.It can smoothly remove the floating oil on the water surface under the control of the magnet.Compared with the state without light,under one-solar light intensity,the absorption time of 1.5 mL of viscous oil floating on the water surface(1 000 cst)is shortened by 1 998 seconds.Under two-solar light intensity,the absorption time is shortened by 3 396 seconds.Moreover,it demonstrates certain durability and recyclability in the 10 cycles of adsorption-extrusion viscous dimethyl silicone oil tests. In this study,a new type of composite material integrating super-wetting characteristics and photothermal effects was successfully constructed through simple gelation action,demonstrating the research value and feasibility of the product being driven by magnetic control and photothermal for cleaning oil spills on the sea surface.It provides a feasible solution for dealing with the actual cleaning of oil spills on the sea surface with the same viscosity.关键词
罗布麻纤维/无氟超疏水/复合材料/磁操控/光热效应/黏性油相去除Key words
apocynum fiber/fluorine-free superhydrophobicity/composite/magnetic manipulation/photothermal effect/viscous oil phase removal分类
轻工纺织引用本文复制引用
谢园园,谭鑫怡,王增坤,余瞄,陈诚,姜黎..罗布麻纤维掺杂的无氟超疏水复合材料温和构造及除油应用[J].丝绸,2025,62(9):52-60,9.基金项目
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(2022D01C68) （2022D01C68）
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项项目(2022B01045-4) （2022B01045-4）
新疆维吾尔自治区高校本科教育教学研究与改革项目(XJGXJGZH-2025001) （XJGXJGZH-2025001）
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2023B02045) （2023B02045）
新疆大学专业学位研究生教学案例库建设项目(XJDX2023YALK20) （XJDX2023YALK20）
新疆维吾尔自治区天池博士计划科研启动项目(TCBS202011) （TCBS202011）
新疆大学博士启动基金项目(BS210215) （BS210215）
