现代技术陶瓷2025，Vol.46Issue(3)：195-246,52.DOI:10.16253/j.cnki.37-1226/tq.2025.03.001
电介质储能陶瓷的研究进展
A Review on the Dielectric Ceramics for High Energy-Storage Application
摘要
Abstract
Dielectric energy storage ceramics have gained significant attention in recent years as critical components in solid-state pulsed power systems.Their superior characteristics,including high energy density,rapid charge and discharge capabilities,exceptional fatigue resistance,and excellent high-temperature stability,make them ideal candidates for a wide range of applications,such as modern energy storage and power management systems.These ceramics are particularly effective in high-performance capacitors,which are essential for pulse power applications such as military defense systems,medical devices,and advanced industrial equipment.This paper provides a comprehensive overview about the influence of key technologies,including material component design and macro/micro structural design,on the energy storage performance of various dielectric materials,including linear dielectrics,ferroelectrics,relaxor ferroelectrics,and antiferroelectrics. One of the fundamental aspects of dielectric energy storage ceramics is the material selection and component design.Linear dielectrics own the large breakdown strength with low dielectric constant and polarization,resulting in the relative low energy storage density.In contrast,ferroelectrics,which exhibit large spontaneous polarization and high dielectric constants,have shown considerable promise in improving energy density and charge/discharge efficiency.Relaxor ferroelectrics,a subclass of ferroelectrics,have demonstrated even greater potential due to their unique ability to maintain high energy storage capabilities across a wide range of temperatures and frequencies.Antiferroelectrics,which exhibit a unique electric polarization reversal under an applied electric field,offer the possibility of achieving even higher energy densities compared to the traditional ferroelectric materials. In addition to the material composition,the microstructure of dielectric ceramics plays a crucial role in determining their energy storage performance.The optimization of the ceramic's microstructure involves controlling the grain size,porosity,and the distribution of grain boundaries,all of which can significantly influence the dielectric properties.For instance,a fine-grained microstructure can enhance the dielectric breakdown strength,thereby increasing the energy storage capacity.Moreover,tailoring the porosity of the ceramics can improve their mechanical strength and increase the charge/discharge cycling stability,which is essential for long-term use in high-power applications. Recent advancements in dielectric energy storage ceramic systems have focused on increasing their energy density and improving their efficiency under extreme operating conditions.Research has been directed toward enhancing the dielectric properties of these materials,optimizing their charge/discharge kinetics,and improving their reliability and durability over extended cycles.Studies have also explored the incorporation of dopants,such as rare earth elements or transition metal ions,to further enhance the electrical and thermal stability of these ceramics.Furthermore,the development of new dielectric materials with tailored polarization characteristics,including high-temperature relaxor ferroelectrics and multiferroic ceramics,holds promise for achieving even higher energy densities and broader operational capabilities. Looking to the future,the development of pulse capacitor energy storage ceramics will be driven by the need for higher performance and greater versatility in energy storage systems.As energy demands continue to rise and the need for rapid energy release becomes more critical in various applications,dielectric energy storage ceramics will play a pivotal role in the design of next-generation capacitors.Future research will likely focus on improving the materials' energy storage efficiency,expanding their application ranges,and reducing manufacturing costs.By further optimizing the microstructure and introducing novel material compositions,it is anticipated that dielectric ceramics will offer enhanced performance for a wide variety of applications,from military and defense systems to renewable energy storage and electric vehicles. In conclusion,dielectric energy storage ceramics are positioned to remain a cornerstone of solid-state pulsed power systems due to their excellent energy storage performance and adaptability to diverse applications.With ongoing advancements in material design and manufacturing techniques,these ceramics will continue to offer the enhanced energy storage efficiency and expanded capabilities in emerging technologies,driving innovation in high-performance power systems worldwide.关键词
电介质陶瓷/储能性能/综述Key words
dielectric ceramics/energy storage performance/review分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
许洛源,欧阳俊,程振祥,郇宇..电介质储能陶瓷的研究进展[J].现代技术陶瓷,2025,46(3):195-246,52.基金项目
山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究项目(ZR2022ZD39) （ZR2022ZD39）
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2024QE104) （ZR2024QE104）
泰山学者(tsqn202312214). （tsqn202312214）
