现代技术陶瓷2025，Vol.46Issue(3)：360-376,17.DOI:10.16253/j.cnki.37-1226/tq.2025.03.005
SiCN吸波陶瓷制备及改性方法的研究进展
Research Progress of Wave-Absorbing SiCN Ceramics
摘要
Abstract
The new generation of weapons and equipment urgently requires high-temperature stealth performance,and it is essential to develop high-temperature microwave absorbing materials.SiCN ceramics have attracted much attention as high-temperature microwave absorbing materials due to advantages such as low density,high-temperature resistance,and adjustable dielectric properties.This work reviews the research progress of SiCN ceramics as microwave absorbing materials.Two kinds of processes,chemical vapor deposition(CVD)and polymer-derived ceramics(PDCs),can be used to synthesize the SiCN ceramic.The first one,CVD,requires lower temperatures,and the dense SiCN phase can be obtained,which can be used for the preparation of SiCN thin films.The latter one,PDCs-SiCN has the advantage of good formability and machinability,and most of the research in recent years has mainly been based on this method.Polysilazanes are usually used to prepare different forms of SiCN ceramics.SiCN aerogel contains a large number of pores that allow for multiple electromagnetic wave reflections and scatterings,effectively expanding the electromagnetic wave's propagation route,and thus the impedance matching characteristics can be modified to obtain the excellent microwave absorption performance.After high-temperature heat treatment,free carbon and SiC nanocrystals can be precipitated from PDCs-SiCN,leading to the polarization loss.However,the single loss mechanism limits the microwave absorbing performance,and the recent research tried to modify the structure of SiCN ceramics from both micro and macro scales to enrich the loss mechanism to enhance the microwave absorbing performance. Microscopic scale modification can be divided into two categories.The first approach is trying to introduce the magnetic phase,and the magnetic loss mechanism can be introduced,which results in the couple with polarization loss.Usually,Fe,Co and Ni can be introduced into the polysilazane precursor,and the magnetic phase can be in-situ formed into the PDC-SiCN ceramics to adjust impedance matching and improve microwave absorption performance.Another approach is to introduce conductive or dielectric loss phases into SiCN ceramics,such as carbon nanotubes,graphene,and SiC fibers.In these phases,the introduction of the carbon phase leads to an increase in the conductivity loss of SiCN ceramics,and SiC fibers increase the number of interfaces in SiCN ceramics,thereby increasing polarization loss. Macroscale modifications can be achieved by designing sub-wavelength structural units of SiCN metamaterials,such as honeycomb structures and hollow spheres.Through the optimization of structure parameters,the impedance matching can be adjusted.At the same time,the structure can increase the propagation path of electromagnetic waves by multiple reflections to optimize the microwave absorbing properties.Through the above modification methods,the electromagnetic loss mechanism of SiCN ceramics can be enriched,and the microwave absorbing performance can be significantly improved.Additionally,the research on the combination of continuous fiber and SiCN ceramic was also carried out to obtain the microwave-absorbing ceramic matrix composites,which reveal great potential for the application in aero-engine fields.Finally,this work provides an outlook on the future development trend of SiCN ceramics and its composites.关键词
吸波/SiCN陶瓷/聚合物转化陶瓷(Polymer derived ceramic,PDC)/陶瓷基复合材料Key words
microwave absorbing/SiCN ceramic/polymer derived ceramic(PDC)/ceramic matrix composites分类
通用工业技术引用本文复制引用
杨一江,董永朋,刘有云,唐舒,薛继梅,叶昉,范晓孟..SiCN吸波陶瓷制备及改性方法的研究进展[J].现代技术陶瓷,2025,46(3):360-376,17.基金项目
国家科技重大专项(J2019-Ⅵ-0014-0129) （J2019-Ⅵ-0014-0129）
国家自然科学基金(52231007). （52231007）
