作物学报2025，Vol.51Issue(10)：2663-2680,中插52-中插57,24.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51013
外引小麦种质麦谷蛋白亚基组成及评价
Composition and evaluation of wheat glutenin subunits in exotic wheat germplasm
摘要
Abstract
In order to screen wheat germplasm carrying high-quality glutenin subunits and dominant polymeric multilocus genes,and to enrich genetic resources for wheat quality improvement in China,a total of 270 wheat accessions originating from CIMMYT,the United States,Russia,Kazakhstan,and Turkey were evaluated.SDS-PAGE and specific molecular marker tech-nologies were employed to identify the composition,combination types,and frequency distribution of high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS)and low molecular weight glutenin subunits(LMW-GS).A total of 19 HMW-GS subunits and 72 unique combinations were identified across all accessions,of which 16 combinations(28.15%)had quality scores of 8 or higher.At the Glu-1 locus,quality subunits 2*,17+18,and 5+10 had the highest frequencies in CIMMYT germplasm(69.39%,24.49%,and 44.90%,respectively),while subunit 7+8 showed the highest frequency(23.91%)in Kazakh accessions.Twenty accessions exhibited a quality score of 10,with subunit combinations including 1/17+18/5+10,1/7+8/5+10,2*/13+16/5+10,2*/17+18/5+10,and 2*/7+8/5+10.These accessions had an average protein content of 15.08%(ranging from 13.72%to 17.57%)and an average wet gluten content of 31.63%(ranging from 28.40%to 36.87%).Notably,accession 19XW005 showed significantly higher pro-tein and wet gluten contents compared to the control high-quality strong gluten wheat variety Xinong 979.A total of 21 LMW-GS alleles and 117 combinations were detected in the tested germplasm.Alleles B3b,B3d,B3g,A3d,and B3i—known for their posi-tive effects on grain quality at the Glu-3 locus—had the highest frequencies in germplasm from CIMMYT(38.78%),USA(16.67%),Russia(63.64%),and Kazakhstan(11.96%and 22.73%),respectively.The high frequency and diverse combinations of quality-related glutenin subunits in these introduced wheat accessions provide valuable germplasm resources for wheat breeding in China.These findings can contribute to broadening the genetic base and improving the processing quality of Chinese wheat varieties.关键词
小麦/引进种质/高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)/低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)/分子标记Key words
wheat/foreign-introduced germplasm/high molecular weight glutenin subunit(HMW-GS)/low molecular weight glutenin subunit(LMW-GS)/molecular markers引用本文复制引用
田汉钊,冯龙婷,应开,孟天琪,武军,刘玉秀..外引小麦种质麦谷蛋白亚基组成及评价[J].作物学报,2025,51(10):2663-2680,中插52-中插57,24.基金项目
本研究由国家自然科学青年基金项目(32101698),陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024GH-ZDXM-07)和农业生物育种重大专项(2023ZD04025)资助. This study was supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101698),the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2024GH-ZDXM-07),and the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD04025). （32101698）
