大气科学2025，Vol.49Issue(4)：949-963,15.DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2503.25015
气溶胶对云和降水的微物理效应
A Short Review of Microphysical Effects of Aerosols on Clouds and Precipitation
摘要
Abstract
Aerosols primarily influence cloud formation and precipitation by regulating the radiative energy balance and altering cloud droplet properties through aerosol-cloud interactions.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the microphysical effects of aerosols.As cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei,aerosols can significantly alter the radiative and microphysical characteristics of clouds.An increase in aerosol concentration can lead to reduced cloud droplet sizes,increasing the cloud albedo to shortwave radiation,a phenomenon known as the cloud albedo effect.Simultaneously,aerosols can enhance the longwave radiation emitted by thinner clouds,thereby blocking more longwave radiation in the atmosphere,known as the cloud thermal emissivity effect.Nevertheless,the absorption of aerosols may promote cloud droplet evaporation,thus reducing the cloud albedo.Furthermore,aerosols significantly impact precipitation.When water vapor is insufficient or wind shear is strong,an increase in the number of cloud droplets and a reduction in droplet effective radius can suppress precipitation and extend the cloud lifetime.However,when deeper cloud formation occurs,an increasing number of droplets,especially smaller-sized ones,can be transported above the 0℃ level,where freezing results in the release of latent heat,thereby promoting convective rainfall.Therefore,the microphysical effects of aerosols can suppress weak precipitation and enhance strong precipitation,leading to an increase in extreme weather events.However,many studies have observed phenomena that are inconsistent with these theories.To explain these discrepancies,this paper systematically presents four physical mechanisms underlying aerosol-cloud interactions:condensation and evaporation effects,water vapor competition effects,collision and coalescence effects,and entrainment effects.The competition among these mechanisms leads to the varied results observed in the reviewed studies.Finally,the paper discusses the challenges and future research directions,with an emphasis on enhancing observational data capabilities,developing a comprehensive framework for aerosol-cloud interactions under varying conditions,optimizing parameterization schemes,and promoting the application of artificial intelligence.关键词
气溶胶/云微物理效应/云降水/凝结增长/碰并增长Key words
Aerosols/Cloud microphysical effect/Cloud and precipitation/Condensational growth/Collision-coalescence分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
赵传峰,李杰峰,杨以坤..气溶胶对云和降水的微物理效应[J].大气科学,2025,49(4):949-963,15.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目42230601,云南省科技厅西南联研重大科技专项计划项目202302AP370003 National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 42230601),Yunnan Southwest United Graduate School Science and Technology Special Project(Grant 202302AP370003) （Grant 42230601）
