上海市某社区农村居家养老老年人跌倒现状及影响因素分析OA
Analysis on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Falls Among Elderly People Living at Home in a Rural Community of Shanghai
目的 了解上海市某社区农村居家养老老年人的跌倒发生情况,评估其跌倒风险,为预防农村地区老年人跌倒提供理论依据.方法 采用整群随机抽样法,选取该社区两个自然村的376名60岁及以上居民进行问卷调查和现场评估.结果 该社区农村居家养老老年人过去一年的跌倒发生率为 13.0%,跌倒伤害发生率为 7.2%.跌倒地点居前三位的分别为卧室(22.4%)、农田(20.4%)和庭院(18.4%),跌倒的首要环境因素为地面不平(20.4%).患有糖尿病(23.8%)和中风史(29.2%)的老年人跌倒发生率高于非糖尿病患者(9.8%)和无中风史的老年人(11.9%);过去一年发生过跌倒的老年人跌倒风险评分及日常活动能力评分高于未发生跌倒者,其跌倒效能评分及平衡能力测试时间均较低;认为跌倒可预防、不担心跌倒、不因害怕跌倒而减少外出及愿意参加体育锻炼的老年人跌倒发生率较低.多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,患有糖尿病、不愿意参加体育锻炼、跌倒风险评分高是老年人跌倒的影响因素.增加老年人跌倒风险的前三位居家环境因素分别为"浴缸或淋浴房旁没有扶手"(88.8%)、"猫或狗都不系铃铛"(87.9%)和"马桶边无扶手"(84.1%).结论 该社区农村居家养老老年人的跌倒发生率处于较低流行水平,可通过健康教育、平衡能力锻炼、改善居家环境危险因素等措施进一步降低农村老年人的跌倒风险.
Objective To understand the occurrence of falls among elderly people living at home in a rural community in Shanghai,assess their fall risk,and provide theoretical basis for preventing falls among elderly people in rural areas.Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select 376 residents aged 60 and above from two natural villages in the community for questionnaire survey and on-site evaluation.Results The fall incidence rate of elderly people living at home in rural areas of the community in the past year was 13.0%,and the fall injury incidence rate was 7.2%.The top three locations for falls were bedrooms(22.4%),farmland(20.4%),and courtyards(18.4%),with uneven ground being the primary environmental factor for falls(20.4%).The incidence of falls in the elderly with diabetes(23.8%)and stroke history(29.2%)was higher than that in the elderly without diabetes(9.8%)and stroke history(11.9%);elderly people who had experienced falls in the past year have higher fall risk scores and daily activity ability scores than those who had not experienced falls,and their fall efficacy scores and balance ability testing time were lower;elderly people who believed that falls can be prevented,were not worried about falling,do not reduce their outings due to fear of falling,and were willing to participate in physical exercise had a lower incidence of falls.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes,unwillingness to participate in physical exercise,and high fall risk score were the influencing factors of falls in the elderly.The top three home environment factors that can increase the risk of falls for elderly people were"no handrails near the bathtub or shower room"(88.8%),"cats or dogs not wearing bells"(87.9%),and"no handrails near the toilet"(84.1%).Conclusion The incidence of falls among elderly people living at home in rural areas of this community is at a relatively low prevalence level.Measures such as health education,balance ability exercise,and improvement of risk factors in the home environment can be taken to further reduce the risk of falls among rural elderly people.
袁媛;汤海英;王红;许英;刘东;汪洁;施卫兴
上海市奉贤区疾病预防控制中心,上海,201499上海市奉贤区疾病预防控制中心,上海,201499上海市奉贤区疾病预防控制中心,上海,201499上海市奉贤区庄行镇社区卫生服务中心,上海,201415上海市奉贤区庄行镇社区卫生服务中心,上海,201415上海市奉贤区古华医院,上海,201499上海市奉贤区疾病预防控制中心,上海,201499
跌倒农村居家养老跌倒风险平衡能力
Falling downRural areaHome-based elderly careRisk of fallingBalance ability
《健康教育与健康促进》 2025 (4)
355-360,6
上海市奉贤区科学技术协会公共领域研究项目(2020-07).
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