西北师范大学学报（自然科学版）2025，Vol.61Issue(5)：45-54,10.DOI:10.16783/j.cnki.nwnuz.2025.05.005
鸟类排泄物对壁画的损害特征及其清除方法探究
Damage characteristics of bird excrement to wall paintings and its removal methods
摘要
Abstract
The pollution of bird excrement is an important factor leading to the damage of wall painting and painted sculptures in grotto temples.It is particularly necessary to scientifically analyze the damage characteristics and screen effective cleaning methods in the protection and restoration of cultural relics.In this study,X-ray fluorescence,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer,portable microscope,polarizing microscope and other means were used to detect and analyze bird excreta and contaminated pigment layer of wall painting.Chemical cleaning materials and cleaning equipment such as laser,microparticle spray and ultrasonic wave were used to carry out simulation removal experiments,and the application scope and limitations of various methods were evaluated.The results showed that on the one hand,bird excrement seriously polluted the pigment layer of wall painting,and the inorganic salts and white uric acid in the composition would penetrate into the pigment layer and underlying layers,which was extremely difficult to completely remove;Through screening and comparison,it was found that the ultrasonic cleaner combined with a certain concentration of hydrogen peroxide,ethanol solution or new polyelectrolyte hydrogel could soften the bird excreta with strong adhesion and thick coverage,making it easy to remove,and had the least effect on the pigment layer of wall paintings.Other cleaning technologies had limited cleaning depth or poor cleaning effects.The research results have guiding significance for the removal of pollutants on the surface of ancient wall paintings and scientific protection and restoration.关键词
古代壁画/鸟类排泄物/污渍清洁/清洁技术/文物保护Key words
ancient wall paintings/bird excrement/clean stains/clean technology/cultural heritage conservation分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
牛贺强,李强,潘爱钊,李炫华,武发思..鸟类排泄物对壁画的损害特征及其清除方法探究[J].西北师范大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,61(5):45-54,10.基金项目
考古探测与文物保护技术教育部重点实验室(西北工业大学)开放课题(2024KFZ03) （西北工业大学）
国家级青年拔尖人才项目 （）
甘肃省文物科学保护和技术研究课题(GSWW202426) （GSWW202426）
甘肃省敦煌文物保护研究中心开放课题(GDW2021ZD02) （GDW2021ZD02）
