山西农业科学2025，Vol.53Issue(5)：30-38,9.DOI:10.26942/j.cnki.issn.1002-2481.2025.05.04
秸秆还田模式对旱地玉米主要病虫害发生和产量的影响
Effects of Straw Returning Modes on the Occurrence of Major Pests and Yield of Maize in Dryland
摘要
Abstract
In order to clarify the effects of different straw returning modes on the occurrence of maize northern leaf blight,ear rot,and Ostrinia furnacalis,as well as the yields of maize in dryland,in this study,long-term field experiments in the fixed fields were carried out.The main area was set up with two treatments,spring straw returning and autumn straw returning.Three returning depths(15,30,and 45 cm)and two returning amounts(half and full returning)were performed in the secondary area.The effects of straw returning time,returning depth,and returning amount on the occurrence of maize northern leaf blight,ear rot,and O.furnacalis,as well as the yields of maize in dryland were systematically evaluated.The results showed that for the disease index(DI)of maize northern leaf blight,the autumn straw returning was 12.24%lower than the spring straw returning.Under the spring straw returning mode,the DI of the half amount straw returning was 13.32%lower than that of the full amount straw returning.Under the autumn straw returning mode,there was no significant difference in the DI among different straw returning amounts.For the DI of ear rot,compared with the autumn straw returning,the spring straw returning led to a lower DI of ear rot.Compared with 15 cm,straw returning depth of 45 cm significantly reduced the DI by 30.43%.The full amount straw returning was 4.29%lower than the half amount straw returning.For the damage rate of O.furnacalis,the spring straw returning was 21.64%lower than the autumn straw returning.The straw returning depth of 45 cm significantly reduced the damage rate by 51.82%compared with 15 cm,and the straw returning amount had no significant effect on the number of maize plants number of maize plants damaged by O.furnacalis.In terms of yield,the combination of the full amount straw returning and the autumn straw returning mode could increase the maize yield in dryland.The yield of maize was higher when the returning depth was 30 cm.Therefore,according to the differences in the occurrence of O.furnacalis and the two diseases of maize in different regions,the measure of autumn straw returning and half amount straw returning could be adapted to inhibit the occurrence of air borne diseases such as corn northern leaf blight,and the measures of spring straw returning and returning depth(30-45 cm)could be adapted to prevent and control soil-borne diseases like ear rot and pests that overwinter in the soil such as O.furnacalis.关键词
玉米/病虫害/还田深度/还田时间/还田量Key words
maize/pests and diseases/returning depth/returning time/returning amount分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王思宇,邢鲲,贺润平,刘骉,孙东宝,赵飞..秸秆还田模式对旱地玉米主要病虫害发生和产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2025,53(5):30-38,9.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900705) （2021YFD1900705）
山西省玉米产业技术体系(2025CYJSTX01-19,YMZD202403) （2025CYJSTX01-19,YMZD202403）
