水土保持研究2025，Vol.32Issue(6)：84-95,12.DOI:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.06.004
不同调控措施下黄土高原坡耕地氮磷流失特征研究
Study on characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in slope farmland on the Loess Plateau under different control measures
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aims to investigate the effects of different control measures on the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the slope farmland of the Loess Plateau in Shanxi Province,providing a theoretical basis for the mechanisms of nitrogen and phosphorus loss and ecological regulation under the coupling of multiple measures.[Methods]Taking typical slope farmland of the Loess Plateau in Shanxi Province as the research object,this study implemented different measures including traditional tillage,no-tillage,biochar,straw,bacterial biofertilizer,and their combinations.Through artificial rainfall simulation experiments in the field,this study investigated the relationship between nitrogen and phosphorus loss through runoff and sediment yield under different control measures,quantified the contribution ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus loss carried by runoff and sediment,and explored the enrichment ratios of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in sediment.[Results](1)No runoff or sediment yield was observed in six straw-treated plots,indicating that this measure effectively mitigated soil erosion in the slope farmland and thus reduced nitrogen and phosphorus loss.(2)Under different control measures,changes of total phosphorus concentration in runoff with the rainfall process remained stable,whereas the total phosphorus concentration in sediment exhibited significant fluctuations.Under the measure combining traditional tillage,biochar,and bacterial bio fertilizer,phosphorus content in runoff was low,while phosphorus content in sediment was comparatively high.(3)Total phosphorus in runoff,total nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment showed strong correlations with runoff and sediment yield(|r|:0.648～0.930,p＜0.05),while nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,and total nitrogen in runoff had weak correlations(|r|:0.008～0.605,p＞0.05).(4)During runoff and sediment yield processes,nitrogen was mainly lost via runoff(63％～90％),primarily in the form of nitrate nitrogen,while phosphorus loss was primarily associated with sediment transport(97％～99.9％).(5)During the process of soil erosion and sediment yield in the sloping farmland,the average enrichment ratio of total nitrogen in sediment under all measures was 2.94,indicating nitrogen enrichment.The average enrichment ratio of total phosphorus in sediment under no-tillage and its combinations with other measures was 0.97,showing no significant phosphorus enrichment.[Conclusion]No-tillage and its combinations with biochar and bacterial biofertilizer significantly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss in slope farmland,demonstrating their effectiveness in controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss on the Loess Plateau in Shanxi Province.关键词
黄土高原/坡耕地/野外人工模拟降雨/养分流失/生物炭/耕作措施Key words
Loess Plateau/slope farmland/artificial rainfall simulation in the field/nutrient loss/biochar/tillage measures分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李东原,申楠,张风宝,李玄添,兰许阳,李佳敏,杨成龙,杨明义..不同调控措施下黄土高原坡耕地氮磷流失特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2025,32(6):84-95,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20613,42361144707,42477369) （U22A20613,42361144707,42477369）
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1300805) （2022YFF1300805）
