水文地质工程地质2025，Vol.52Issue(5)：34-42,9.DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202507026
废弃煤矿区酸性矿坑水防控研究进展:从关键问题到修复技术体系
Acid mine drainage prevention and control in abandoned coal mine areas:From key issues to remediation technology systems
摘要
Abstract
Abandoned coal mining areas in China are widely distributed across coal-bearing strata rich in groundwater resources.The diversity of mine types,variable hydrogeological conditions,complex transport pathways,and intricate hydrobiogeochemical evolution processes have resulted in poorly understood distribution patterns of acid mine drainage(AMD)and ineffective pollution control.AMD mitigation remains a central challenge in the ecological restoration of abandoned mining areas,facing four critical issues:(1)Mining disturbances cause complex evolution of aquifer media and dynamic fields,where pyrite oxidation and metal ion migration are governed by coupled geological-hydrobiological-microbial factors,posing challenges in mechanistic understanding and accurate modeling;(2)The efficiency of existing technologies for in-situ reduction of high-concentration characteristic pollutants(e.g.,sulfates,Fe/Mn)is constrained by dynamic water quality and low-temperature conditions,significantly limiting their stability and long-term effectiveness;(3)Control systems lack dynamic intelligent regulation capabilities,with fragmented data perception-decision-execution loops failing to adapt to spatiotemporal heterogeneity in water quality and quantity;(4)Insufficient synergy between ecological restoration and pollution control hinders holistic recovery of mining ecosystem functions.Future innovations should focus on interdisciplinary integration to establish a"theoretical models-technological tools-engineering paradigms"innovation chain,advancing AMD control from empirical management to scientific regulation.This will provide Chinese solutions for global mining area restoration,specifically:(1)Revealing biogeochemical micro-mechanisms of AMD generation and developing coupled multi-field models for pyrite oxidation kinetics and metal migration;(2)Developing key enzyme inhibitors or biomimetic oxygen-barrier materials for targeted in-situ blocking of pyrite oxidation;(3)constructing a"digital twin+smart sensing"precision control platform for pollution evolution simulation and dynamic remediation optimization through multi-source data fusion;(4)Establishing a"water-soil-biota"synergistic regulation theory based on ecohydrological processes to elucidate feedback mechanisms between natural restoration and engineering interventions.关键词
酸性矿坑水/多场耦合模拟/特征污染物/智能调控/协同修复Key words
acid mine drainage/multiphysics coupling simulation/characteristic pollutants/smart regulation/synergistic remediation分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
张发旺,李海学,韩占涛,刘国,高旭波,周建伟,朱庆俊,刘静,王雨山,刘伟坡..废弃煤矿区酸性矿坑水防控研究进展:从关键问题到修复技术体系[J].水文地质工程地质,2025,52(5):34-42,9.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3710000) （2023YFC3710000）
中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20240501202) （DD20240501202）
