心理学报2025，Vol.57Issue(10)：1729-1744,16.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1729
工作记忆负荷对社交焦虑个体注意偏向的调节作用:来自稳态视觉诱发电位的证据
Working memory load modulates the attentional bias of individuals with social anxiety:Evidence from steady-state visual evoked potentials
摘要
Abstract
The primary characteristic observed in individuals with social anxiety is the atypical processing of social stimuli,which has been identified as a crucial factor in the development and persistence of symptoms.According to attentional control theory,impaired attentional control results in attentional vigilance and difficulty in disengagement from threatening social stimuli.Although previous studies have provided evidence,the neural mechanisms between social anxiety and attentional bias remain unclear.A robust method for continuously quantifying attentional resources is needed.Therefore,attentional control was manipulated by setting the working memory(WM)load in this study.Steady-state visual evoked potentials(SSVEPs)were used as a neural index of attention allocation to examine the attentional biases toward threatening social stimuli in individuals with social anxiety. Through the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale(LSAS)and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale,participants(N=38)were recruited and aligned into high social anxiety(HSA;Mage=20.68,n=19)and low social anxiety(LSA;Mage=21.42,n=19)groups.SSVEPs were elicited by a frequency-tagging paradigm in which stimuli depicting angry,happy,and neutral expressions were presented at distinct frequencies.The participants were required to focus on the facial stimuli and judge whether the number(or number set)had been presented at the beginning.Attentional bias indices were derived by calculating the difference in mean SSVEP amplitudes between emotional and neutral face conditions.Specifically,negative(positive)attentional bias indices were computed by subtracting the mean SSVEP amplitudes elicited by neutral faces from those elicited by angry(happy)faces. The behavioral results showed faster response times in the low-WM-load conditions than in the high-WM-load conditions,indicating that the attentional control was effectively manipulated through WM load indirectly in the task.The negative and positive attentional bias indices were separately analyzed through a three-way repeated measures ANOVA,containing the between-subject factor group(HSA,LSA)and the within-subjects factors WM load(high,low)and time window(180～500 ms,500～1000 ms,1000～2000 ms).The results of negative attentional bias showed that in the high-WM-load condition,higher negative attentional bias indices were observed in the HSA group than in the LSA group during the 180～500 ms and 500～1000 ms time windows.By contrast,no significant differences were identified between HSA and LSA groups in the low-WM-load condition.Simple linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between social anxiety levels and attention bias indices.The results showed that LSAS scores positively predicted negative attention bias indices(180～1000 ms).In the low-WM-load condition,lower positive attentional bias indices were observed in the HSA group compared with those in the LSA group. The negative attentional bias in social anxiety was modulated by WM load in this study.Individuals with HSA showed enhanced and maintained attentional vigilance toward threatening social stimuli when the attentional control was suppressed experimentally.Meanwhile,individuals with HSA might exhibit insufficient attentional processing toward positive social stimuli.In conclusion,impaired attentional control could be a risk factor for the development of social anxiety.The continuous spectrum perspective would be suitable for further revealing the dynamic attentional bias in individuals with social anxiety.关键词
社交焦虑/面部表情/注意控制能力/注意偏向/稳态视觉诱发电位Key words
social anxiety/facial expression/attentional control/attentional bias/SSVEP分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
杨鑫超,陈燕铃,郑俊猛,张荣祥,牟晓,徐强..工作记忆负荷对社交焦虑个体注意偏向的调节作用:来自稳态视觉诱发电位的证据[J].心理学报,2025,57(10):1729-1744,16.基金项目
国家社会科学基金教育学国家一般项目"基于情绪信息加工的青少年抑郁倾向多模态预测模型与干预研究"(BBA240044). （BBA240044）
