厦门大学学报（自然科学版）2025，Vol.64Issue(5)：798-808,11.DOI:10.6043/j.issn.0438-0479.202403031
仿生聚二甲基硅氧烷/ZnO纳米棒阵列微纳复合结构薄膜的制备及其光电转换
Preparation of thin films of bionic polydimethylsiloxane/ZnO nanorod arrays micro-nano composite structures and their photovoltaic conversion
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Photovoltaic technology is regarded as one of the most sustainable and renewable energy generation technologies.Photovoltaic technology,in turn,is centered on solar cells.As a photovoltaic device,the core mechanism of the solar cell is to convert light energy into electricity by utilizing the photochemical and photovoltaic effects.Therefore,in the application of solar cells,it is crucial to improve their absorption of light energy and reduce efficiency losses.A variety of different optical structures have been designed to improve the light harvesting performance of solar cells,including antireflective films,light-trapping structures,and light-trapping techniques.In particular,antireflective structures have received extensive attention and research as one of the most important methods for improving light absorption efficiency and reducing reflection loss of solar cells.However,the use of photolithography,laser processing and other methods to prepare antireflective films usually requires complex template preparation processes and expensive instruments,which makes it difficult to achieve cost-effectiveness in such a complex and costly preparation process.Aiming at the problems of time-consuming and expensive preparation of antireflective films and the complexity of micro-nano structuring processes,a low-cost and easy-to-operate micro-nano structuring method is being developed to meet the needs of photovoltaic device applications.[Methods]Inspired by the surface structure of camellia in nature,a simple and cost-effective biotemplate method was used to prepare biomimetic antireflective films by using camellia petals as the master model,and a polymer material polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),which has the advantages of high thermal stability,strong oxidation resistance,and high transparency,was selected to transfer and replicate the surface structure of the petals.Subsequently,micro-nano composite structured films with bionic PDMS/ZnO nanorod arrays(ZnO NRAs)were prepared by growing ZnO NRAs on the surface of the antireflective films using a low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis technique.The morphology of ZnO NRAs was modulated in order to further optimize their effect in terms of reducing reflection.The length,sparseness,and effective refractive index of ZnO NRAs were adjusted by modulating the hydrothermal reaction time,and the micro-nano composite structured antireflective films under different growth conditions were obtained.[Results]With increasing reaction time,ZnO nanorods mainly grew along the(002)crystal plane,with most nanorods oriented perpendicular to the biomimetic PDMS film substrate,and their distribution gradually became denser from relatively sparse.Meanwhile,the average diameter and length of ZnO nano rods also increased with reaction time.When the reaction time was 10 min,the ZnO NRAs showed a uniform staggered distribution on the surface of the bionic PDMS,and the glass substrate with the bionic PDMS/ZnO NRAs micro-nano composite structured film had the lowest average reflectance of 4.52％compared to 8.69％for the glass substrate.In addition,the average short circuit current density(Jsc)of organic solar cell with the bionic PDMS/ZnO NRAs micro-nano composite structured film increased from 13.66 mA/cm2 for the glass-based organic solar cell to 14.75 mA/cm2,resulting in a significant increase in average photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)from 8.26％to 9.03％.This indicates that the bionic PDMS/ZnO NRAs film has a smoother refractive index gradient,which can further effectively reduce light reflectivity at the cell surface,thus improving the photovoltaic performance of the device.In particular,the water contact angle of the bionic PDMS/ZnO NRAs micro-nano composite structured film increased from 122.8°to 153.3°,and its superhydrophobicity resulted in a better antifouling and self-cleaning function on the film surface.[Conclusion]The bionic PDMS/ZnO NRAs micro-nano composite structured films can not only improve the PCE of photovoltaic cells,but also enhance the long-term stability and maintainability of photovoltaic devices,providing a new approach for the design and preparation of advanced antireflective films.关键词
微纳复合结构/氧化锌纳米棒阵列/减反射膜/有机太阳能电池Key words
micro-nano composite structure/ZnO nanorod array/antireflective film/organic solar cell分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
任昕瑜,云大钦,叶天弘,侯达,孙旭飞,陈迪春,陶龙晨,李保君,孔丁峰,郑灵灵..仿生聚二甲基硅氧烷/ZnO纳米棒阵列微纳复合结构薄膜的制备及其光电转换[J].厦门大学学报（自然科学版）,2025,64(5):798-808,11.基金项目
厦门市自然科学基金(3502Z20227175,3502Z20227005) （3502Z20227175,3502Z20227005）
