岩土工程学报2025，Vol.47Issue(10)：2066-2075,10.DOI:10.11779/CJGE20240589
土体冲蚀特性试验设备研制与应用研究
Research on development and application of test equipment for measuring soil erosion characteristics
摘要
Abstract
The soil erosion characteristics mainly include two indexes:critical shear stress for incipient motion of soil and soil erosion rate,which are controlling factors of breach flow and breach morphology evolution during embankment dam breaching.Traditional erosion experiments deduce flow shear stress by converting measured sectional flow velocity into friction velocity.This study has developed an innovative technique for directly measuring shear stress at the water-soil interface by using a bridge-type micro-strain shear stress sensor.Based on this method,a device for measuring soil erosion characteristics has been developed.The soil erosion testing device includes a hydrodynamic system,a soil erosion system,and a data acquisition system.The hydrodynamic system can provide water flow conditions ranging from 0 to 6 m/s.The soil erosion system utilizes strain sensors to directly capture dynamic changes in shear stress.By connecting a lifting device in parallel with an acoustic distance measurement device,a servo displacement control system is formed.This setup allows for adaptive adjustment of the specimen height and real-time monitoring of changes in erosion depth.Validation tests indicate that erosion rate of cohesive soils has a good linear correlation with water flow shear stress.Critical shear stress of cohesive soils significantly increases with higher compaction and clay content,while the influence of water content on critical shear stress is minimal.The paper also proposed a predictive model for critical shear stress and erosion coefficient of cohesive soil based on experimental data.Validation results show that the model can accurately reflect the relationship between the critical shear stress,erosion coefficient,and soil properties by optimizing model parameters and incorporating more soil-related features,which provide a scientific basis for selecting erosion parameters for dam materials in simulations of earth-soil dam failure.关键词
土体冲蚀设备/水流切应力/断面流速/临界起动切应力/冲蚀速率Key words
soil erosion testing device/flow shear stress/sectional velocity/critical shear stress/erosion rate分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
卢洪宁,钟启明,单熠博,杨蒙,胡亮..土体冲蚀特性试验设备研制与应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2025,47(10):2066-2075,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20602,U24A20182) （U22A20602,U24A20182）
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(Y324006)This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20602,U24A20182),the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Research Institutes(Grant No.Y324006). （Y324006）
