核农学报2025，Vol.39Issue(11)：2502-2513,12.DOI:10.11869/j.issn.1000-8551.2025.11.2502
不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤特性和玉米产量的影响
Effects of Different Amounts of Straw Mulching on Soil Properties and Maize Yield
摘要
Abstract
To investigate the impact of different straw mulching amounts on maize yield and its components,a field experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2022.Six straw mulching treatments were established with no straw mulching(CK),0.50 kg·m-2 straw mulching(SM50),0.75 kg·m-2 straw mulching(SM75),1.00 kg·m-2 straw mulching(SM100),1.25 kg·m-2 straw mulching(SM125),and 1.50 kg·m-2 straw mulching(SM150).The study analyzed the dynamic changes in soil physical properties,enzyme activities,and maize growth characteristics under different treatments during the maize growth period.The results indicated that,compared with CK,different straw mulching treatments exhibited a decreasing trend in soil bulk density in the 0-20 cm and soil compaction in 0-30 cm soil layer.Straw mulching lowered soil temperature in the 0-25 cm layer by 0.04-0.57℃.Additionally,the activities of soil urease,invertase,alkaline phosphatase,catalase,and cellulase under all straw mulching treatments were higher than those under the control,increasing by 2.03%-40.34%,1.59%-43.99%,2.78%-50.00%,3.45%-23.75%,and 17.86%-71.43%,respectively,and the activities of soil urease,invertase,and catalase increased with increasing straw mulching amount.Analyzing the yield components revealed that at the jointing stage,the plant height,dry matter,root length,and root surface area of the CK were all higher than those of the straw mulching treatments.The SM150 treatment showed lower or significantly lower values for these parameters compared to other treatments at the jointing stage.However,after the jointing stage,SM150 exhibited greater plant height,root length,and root surface area than other treatments,while its dry matter weight surpassed others after the silking stage.Compared with CK,the yields under SM50,SM75,SM100,SM125,and SM150 increased by 4.16%,10.62%,13.59%,14.55%,and 19.76%,respectively,showing a positive correlation with straw mulching rates.Structural equation model(SEM)indicated that the straw mulching amount directly affected the soil physical properties,soil enzyme activity and yield component,subsequently regulating plant growth and yield.In summary,straw mulching reduced soil bulk density,soil compaction,and soil temperature,but enhanced enzyme activity,with the best effect observed at a mulching amount of 1.50 kg·m-2.This study provides a theoretical foundation for the application of straw mulching technology in maize cultivation in southeastern Shanxi Province.关键词
秸秆覆盖量/土壤特性/生长特性/产量Key words
straw mulching amount/soil characteristics/growth characteristics/yield引用本文复制引用
曹晋军,李小霞,李丹,李万星,靳鲲鹏,刘永忠..不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤特性和玉米产量的影响[J].核农学报,2025,39(11):2502-2513,12.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1901105-5),山西省科技重大专项计划"揭榜挂帅"项目(202101140601026-5),山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021212087),山西省现代农业产业技术体系项目(YMGW202211) （2021YFD1901105-5）
