临床误诊误治2025，Vol.38Issue(19)：122-131,10.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-3429.2025.19.019
高原病的病理生理、预防及治疗研究进展
Pathophysiology,prevention,and treatment advances in high-altitude illness
摘要
Abstract
High-altitude illness is a general term for a series of maladaptation syndromes caused by acute or chronic exposure to altitude above 2 500 meters.It mainly includes acute altitude sickness,high-altitude cerebral edema,high-altitude pulmonary edema,chronic altitude sickness and high-altitude pulmonary hypertension,which can eventually lead to right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure.Acute altitude sickness,characterized by headache,nausea,dizziness,and fatigue,is usually benign and self-limited and is associated with hypoxia-induced increase in cerebral blood volume,inflammation,and associated activation of the trigeminal nervous system.Disruption of the blood-brain barrier results in high-altitude cerebral edema,which is characterized by altered mental status and ataxia.Increased pulmonary capillary pressure and associated stress-induced heart failure trigger high-altitude pulmonary edema,which is characterized by dyspnea,cough,and exercise intolerance.Chronic altitude sickness is characterized by erythrocytosis and associated clinical symptoms.Appropriate adaptation by slowly escalating hypoxic stimuli(such as a slow ascent to high altitude)and/or repeated exposure to high altitude or artificially normobaric oxygen will largely prevent these disorders.A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological features of high-altitude illness is essential to optimize hypoxic adaptation for effective prevention and development of new treatment options.关键词
急性高原病/高原脑水肿/高原肺水肿/慢性高原病/高原肺动脉高压/综述Key words
acute altitude sickness/high-altitude cerebral edema/high-altitude pulmonary edema/chronic high-altitude sickness/high-altitude pulmonary hypertension/review引用本文复制引用
刘润泽,庞永杰,张梅,陈克明..高原病的病理生理、预防及治疗研究进展[J].临床误诊误治,2025,38(19):122-131,10.基金项目
甘肃省自然科学基金实验动物专项(23JRRA536) （23JRRA536）
甘肃省科技计划项目科技重大专项项目(24ZDFA008) （24ZDFA008）
