水力发电2025，Vol.51Issue(10)：38-45,104,9.
尾矿坝漫顶溃决的动态演化及特征分析
Dynamic Evolution and Characterization of Tailing Dam Overtopping Failure
摘要
Abstract
In order to investigate the influence of overflow flow on downstream dam slope morphology,breach evolution and tailing sand loss,the multiscale dynamic evolution law of tailing dam overtopping breach is revealed by flume model test based on the coupling principle of hydrodynamics and geomechanics.A breach extension model by coupling the cantilever effect and pore water pressure is constructed based on the theoretical framework of"Erosion-collapse synergy",and a pore water pressure term is introduced to optimize the breach erosion formula.The results show that the overtopping breach of tailing dam undergoes four stages,namely,the development of V-shaped gully dominated by laminar flow,the turbulent shear-induced stepped undercutting,the slope collapse-induced width mutation,and the formation of fractal structure due to energy dissipation,and the evolution rate is positively correlated with the inlet flow rate in a nonlinear manner.Based on the critical collapse length formula derived from the cantilever beam mechanical model,the coupling mechanism between underwater scour and slope instability is quantitatively characterized,revealing the strong correlation between the sudden change in the width of breach and the slope collapse.Tailing sand loss rate(10.43％-20.24％)is significantly related to incoming flow and dam collapse,reflecting the synergistic mechanism of hydrodynamic and structural instability.The results of study are of practical significance for a deeper understanding of the tailing dam failure process and for improving the prevention and control of dam failure risk.关键词
尾矿坝漫顶溃决/溃口演变/水槽模型试验/悬臂梁模型/尾砂流失Key words
tailing dam overtopping breach/breach evolution/flume model test/cantilever beam model/tailing sand loss分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
唐保衡,周林华,魏海,何智远,李锐,郑成明..尾矿坝漫顶溃决的动态演化及特征分析[J].水力发电,2025,51(10):38-45,104,9.基金项目
水灾害防御全国重点实验室"一带一路"水与可持续发展科技基金资助项目(2022nkms07) （2022nkms07）
