中山大学学报（医学科学版）2025，Vol.46Issue(5)：756-766,11.
巨噬细胞及其外泌体在心脏疾病中的研究进展
Research Progress of Macrophages and Macrophage-derived Exosomes in Heart Disease
摘要
Abstract
Macrophages,key cells in the heart's innate immune system,are highly heterogeneous and plastic,playing dual roles in cardiac physiology and pathology.In recent years,macrophage-derived exosomes have drawnsignificant attention for their regulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications in heart disease,as they serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication.This paper aims to comprehensively summarize the origin,distribution,and function of cardiac-resident macrophages.It also explores the roles of M1and M2 macrophages in cardiac inflammatory responses and tissue repair,and delves into the regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic application prospects of macrophage exosomes in heart disease.In the acute phase of cardiac injury,M1 macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines to induce inflammation and clear cellular debris.Nevertheless,their overactivation can result in myocardial cell damage and fibrosis.During the recovery phase,M2 macrophages take the lead,releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors to inhibit inflammation and facilitate tissue repair.Macrophage exosomes,which contain proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids,can regulate inflammation,tissue repair,and angiogenesis.In various types of heart disease,including myocardial infarction,ischemia-reperfusion injury,atherosclerosis,myocarditis,and dilated cardiomyopathy,macrophage exosomes exhibit different functions.While M1-derived exosomes often exacerbate cardiac damage through pro-inflammatory actions,M2-derived exosomes protect cardiac tissue via anti-inflammatory and pro-repair effects.These findings offer new insights and targets for developing macrophage-exosome-based heart disease therapies,which is expected to promote the innovative development of diagnosis and treatment for heart diseases,improve patients'prognosis,and alleviate the burden of public health.关键词
巨噬细胞/外泌体/心脏疾病/M1/M2极化/细胞间通讯Key words
macrophages/exosomes/heart disease/M1/M2 polarization/cellular communication分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
谭云科,杨正飞..巨噬细胞及其外泌体在心脏疾病中的研究进展[J].中山大学学报（医学科学版）,2025,46(5):756-766,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(82372207) （82372207）
